Final Examination HIST 20W
Professor Kiril Tomoff Spring 2020
Please write an essay that responds to the prompt, below. Your answer should be about five pages (minimum 1250 words, maximum 1500 words). Essays significantly longer than 1500 words will be penalized. This final exam is due by 11:59 p.m. on Wednesday, June 10. Please follow your TA’s instructions for submitting your response. The extra time is intended to provide flexibility so that you can complete the exam while still meeting your other obligations. You are not expected to spend the entire time on the exam.
Per the end-of-quarter modifications announced last week, this final exam is a “hold harmless” assignment: your performance on this final exam cannot lower your final course grade from the grade you earned up to and including the third paper. Furthermore, there are no late penalties for turning in the final exam after the due date. However, all work must be submitted to your TA before 12:00, noon, Thursday, June 11. There can be no further extensions beyond this final deadline.
Non-Cumulative Essay Question #1A Construct an argument about how ideological conflict influenced the development of world events after World War II. You may find it helpful to ask yourself the following questions: what were the most important political ideologies in the postwar twentieth century; how did those ideologies shape conflict in the world; how did the superpowers approach ideological conflict; and what was the relationship between ideological conflict and developments in Third World countries? Use definitions, explanation, and discussion of *4-6* ID terms as part of the evidence that you use to defend and illustrate your argument. Please call attention to the terms you deploy in this way by using bold font for the term. Besides utilizing material from lecture, your argument should also refer to at least two but no more than four of the following authors: Kennan, Marshall, Novikov, Fanon, Guevara, Andreeva, Sakharov, and/or others.
ID Terms The most successful responses to the essay prompt will define, explain, and discuss 4-6 of the most relevant terms below, using those discussions as evidence to support the essay’s argument (please use bold font to call attention to the ones you deploy).
Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Warsaw Pact Cominform Great Leap Forward Peoples’ Communes Chinese Cultural Revolution GATT IMF Syngman Rhee Kim Il Sung National Congress Muslim League Communalism The Third World Jawaharlal Nehru French Community Hutu
Ho Chi Minh Tet Offensive New Left Monroe Doctrine Cuban Missile Crisis Organization of American States Bay of Pigs Junta Bureaucratic Authoritarianism Dirty Wars French Algeria Angola Brezhnev Doctrine Thaw Existentialism Prague Spring Imre Nagy Arab League
Zionism Suez Canal Crisis 6-Day War U.N. Security Council Resolution 242 The Five Pillars of Islam ‘Ulama’ Shari’a Imam Reformism (re: Islam) Sunni Shi’i Sufism Glasnost Perestroika Solidarity Velvet Revolution Mohandas Gandhi
PUBLIC RELATIONS 2
Bruna Spera Martins
Southern States University
BU534 – International Marketing
PUBLIC RELATIONS 1
COCA COLA MARKETING STRATEGY 2
Instructor: Dr. Peggy Bilbruck
Public relations refers to a strategic communication process used by companies and organizations to build and maintain a mutually beneficial relationship with their customers and the public. Its primary role is to promote and maintain a positive brand image and reputation necessary for an organization's success. To achieve this, companies use a variety of promotional mediums such as social media platforms, television, newspapers, and magazines as well as in-person engagements. Regarding this, Gucci relies heavily on public relations to gain more relevance and support its marketing efforts.
Surviving in today's competitive market requires the use of effective PR strategies to build and maintain your company's brand image and reputation, essential in achieving a strong competitive edge. Gucci employs a variety of PR strategies to maintain a positive mutual relationship with its customers, the public, and other stakeholders. As a result, this has helped the company to build a strong positive brand image and reputation over its competitors. For instance, Gucci uses various forms of social media, including Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, to showcase its wide range of products and build a strong relationship with customers. Social media enables the company to reach a broader target group, especially in the global market, thus establishing a positive mutual relationship. On Instagram, Gucci has over 33 million followers; hence the channel offers a better platform for the organization to promote its products and ensure customer engagement (Pratap, 2019). The various social media channels have large following globally; hence they help Gucci to engage with its customers, promote and market its products to the global market. Through customer engagement, the company strengthens its brand image and reputation, thus positioning itself well in both the local and global markets.
The use of celebrity figures is another key PR strategy employed by Gucci. For instance, Gucci has used several celebrities such as Marisa Miller, Ashton Kutcher and Kim Kardashian, among other celebrity stars to showcase and market its products. Such personalities are recognized globally; hence they play an essential role in marketing the company's latest fashion trends to the global market. The use of celebrities also helps to strengthen the company's brand image and build a stronger relationship with existing and prospective customers. Moreover, the company focuses greatly on promoting corporate social responsibility and sustainability as a critical PR strategy. Being one of the highly successful luxury brands globally, Gucci emphasizes on social responsibility to create and maintain a good public image (Sophia, 2010). For instance, the company is committed to reducing environmental impact by enhancing sustainability in its business operations. Gucci also focuses on promoting respect and equal treatment of workers in all parts globally. As a result, various social responsibility practices have enabled the company to build and maintain a good relationship with its customers, thus supporting its global marketing. Today, Gucci is recognized as a luxury brand in the global market.
References
Pratap, A. (2019). Gucci Social Media Marketing Strategy. Retrieved 27 May 2020, from https://notesmatic.com/2019/04/gucci-social-media-marketing-strategy/.
Sophia. (2010). Gucci PR Strategies. Retrieved 27 May 2020, from https://rhapsophia.wordpress.com/2010/02/07/gucci-pr-strategies/.
Date: 2020-05-30
PLAGIARISM SCAN REPORT
Exclude Url : None
Content Checked For Plagiarism
Public relations refers to a strategic communication process used by companies and organizations to build and maintain a mutually
beneficial relationship with their customers and the public. Its primary role is to promote and maintain a positive brand image and reputation
necessary for an organization's success. To achieve this, companies use a variety of promotional mediums such as social media platforms,
television, newspapers, and magazines as well as in-person engagements. Regarding this, Gucci relies heavily on public relations to gain
more relevance and support its marketing efforts. Surviving in today's competitive market requires the use of effective PR strategies to build
and maintain your company's brand image and reputation, essential in achieving a strong competitive edge. Gucci employs a variety of PR
strategies to maintain a positive mutual relationship with its customers, the public, and other stakeholders. As a result, this has helped the
company to build a strong positive brand image and reputation over its competitors. For instance, Gucci uses various forms of social media,
including Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, to showcase its wide range of products and build a strong relationship with customers. Social
media enables the company to reach a broader target group, especially in the global market, thus establishing a positive mutual
relationship. On Instagram, Gucci has over 33 million followers; hence the channel offers a better platform for the organization to promote
its products and ensure customer engagement (Pratap, 2019). The various social media channels have large following globally; hence they
help Gucci to engage with its customers, promote and market its products to the global market. Through customer engagement, the
company strengthens its brand image and reputation, thus positioning itself well in both the local and global markets. The use of celebrity
figures is another key PR strategy employed by Gucci. For instance, Gucci has used several celebrities such as Marisa Miller, Ashton
Kutcher and Kim Kardashian, among other celebrity stars to showcase and market its products. Such personalities are recognized globally;
hence they play an essential role in marketing the company's latest fashion trends to the global market. The use of celebrities also helps to
strengthen the company's brand image and build a stronger relationship with existing and prospective customers. Moreover, the company
focuses greatly on promoting corporate social responsibility and sustainability as a critical PR strategy. Being one of the highly successful
luxury brands globally, Gucci emphasizes on social responsibility to create and maintain a good public image (Sophia, 2010). For instance,
the company is committed to reducing environmental impact by enhancing sustainability in its business operations. Gucci also focuses on
promoting respect and equal treatment of workers in all parts globally. As a result, various social responsibility practices have enabled the
company to build and maintain a good relationship with its customers, thus supporting its global marketing. Today, Gucci is recognized as a
luxury brand in the global market.
0% Plagiarised
100% Unique
475 Words
3224 Characters
Date: 2020-05-30
PLAGIARISM SCAN REPORT
Exclude Url : None
Content Checked For Plagiarism
Public relations refers to a strategic communication process used by companies and organizations to build and maintain a mutually
beneficial relationship with their customers and the public. Its primary role is to promote and maintain a positive brand image and reputation
necessary for an organization's success. To achieve this, companies use a variety of promotional mediums such as social media platforms,
television, newspapers, and magazines as well as in-person engagements. Regarding this, Gucci relies heavily on public relations to gain
more relevance and support its marketing efforts. Surviving in today's competitive market requires the use of effective PR strategies to build
and maintain your company's brand image and reputation, essential in achieving a strong competitive edge. Gucci employs a variety of PR
strategies to maintain a positive mutual relationship with its customers, the public, and other stakeholders. As a result, this has helped the
company to build a strong positive brand image and reputation over its competitors. For instance, Gucci uses various forms of social media,
including Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, to showcase its wide range of products and build a strong relationship with customers. Social
media enables the company to reach a broader target group, especially in the global market, thus establishing a positive mutual
relationship. On Instagram, Gucci has over 33 million followers; hence the channel offers a better platform for the organization to promote
its products and ensure customer engagement (Pratap, 2019). The various social media channels have large following globally; hence they
help Gucci to engage with its customers, promote and market its products to the global market. Through customer engagement, the
company strengthens its brand image and reputation, thus positioning itself well in both the local and global markets. The use of celebrity
figures is another key PR strategy employed by Gucci. For instance, Gucci has used several celebrities such as Marisa Miller, Ashton
Kutcher and Kim Kardashian, among other celebrity stars to showcase and market its products. Such personalities are recognized globally;
hence they play an essential role in marketing the company's latest fashion trends to the global market. The use of celebrities also helps to
strengthen the company's brand image and build a stronger relationship with existing and prospective customers. Moreover, the company
focuses greatly on promoting corporate social responsibility and sustainability as a critical PR strategy. Being one of the highly successful
luxury brands globally, Gucci emphasizes on social responsibility to create and maintain a good public image (Sophia, 2010). For instance,
the company is committed to reducing environmental impact by enhancing sustainability in its business operations. Gucci also focuses on
promoting respect and equal treatment of workers in all parts globally. As a result, various social responsibility practices have enabled the
company to build and maintain a good relationship with its customers, thus supporting its global marketing. Today, Gucci is recognized as a
luxury brand in the global market.
0%
Plagiarised
100%
Unique
475
Words
3224
Characters
Running head: MARKETING 2
MARKETING 3
Bruna Spera Martins
Southern States University
BU534 – International Marketing
MARKETING 1
COCA COLA MARKETING STRATEGY 2
Instructor: Dr. Peggy Bilbruck
Environmental influences refer to external factors that impact an organization's marketing decisions involving pricing. Having a pricing goal is not sufficient; an organization must consider many other factors before setting its product prices. Customers are a crucial consideration when making a pricing decision. The three vital elements for consideration about customers are whether they feel that the product provides value, how sensitive the buyers are to prices changes, the number of buyers available. The company needs to collect market size data and try to identify how sensitive customers are on price. The product's price should match the buyers' perception of the value they are likely to get from the product (Zhou, 2019). The number of buyers able and willing to buy the product, determine the demand of the product, and due to forces of demand and supply, it influences the product price. When the demand is high, the company can set relatively high prices.
The way competitors sell and price their products has a great impact on the pricing decision of a company. If a customer wants to buy a pair of sneakers from Gucci Company, but the price 20% less in another competing company, the customer is more likely to buy the product from the competitor. Companies should consider matching their prices to that of the competitors to establish and maintain their loyal clients to avoid this problem, which may cost the company its market share. When the competition is too high, the company may also consider giving an extra discount if the customers feel the prices may be better somewhere else. The presence of substitute commodities impacts the pricing decision of a company as well (Kim, 2019) If the prices of certain products become too high, the customers may look for a substitute that solves the same problem. High completion also means and the company should invest more in advertising.
Federal and state regulations and laws determine the prices of products. The state regulations are designed to promote competition, encourage fair and ethical business behavior, and protect consumers from exploitation. Some regulations limit the ability and freedom of sellers to charge differently for the same commodity. Such regulations may serve to protect small companies from the big ones that have the ability to give big discounts and eliminate the small competitors. The state may set maximum prices for some products above, which no company is supposed to sell. Governments may set taxes and custom duties that influence the pricing decision as the company must find a way to compensate for extra expenses brought by the tax addition.
Changes in customers' tastes and preferences may affect the marketing and pricing decision of a company. Change of people's social behavior and other factors may impact them to shift preference on certain products affecting the demand and thus, leading to low prices.
Conclusively, a company has to consider several factors when setting pricing and marketing objectives. These influencers may include the completion, customers, government policies and regulations, economic forces, and changing buyers' preferences and tastes on products.
Reference
Kim, J. (2019). The impact of different price promotions on customer retention. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 46, 95-102.
Zhou, J., Zhao, R., & Wang, W. (2019). Pricing decision of a manufacturer in a dual-channel supply chain with asymmetric information. European Journal of Operational Research, 278(3), 809-820.
PRODUCT MARKET PROFILE 3
Bruna Spera Martins
Southern States University
BU534 – International Marketing
PRODUCT MARKET PROFILE 1
COCA COLA MARKETING STRATEGY 2
Instructor: Dr. Peggy Bilbruck
PRODUCT MARKET PROFILE 2
Men's Gucci Tennis 1977 Sneaker
The company and product that I have chosen is Gucci and its Men's Gucci Tennis 1977 sneaker. Gucci is an international Italian luxury fashion and leather goods brand which was founded in 1921 by one Guccio Gucci in the city of Florence, Tuscany. The brand is currently one of the oldest Italian fashion brands operating today. The current CEO of the company is Marco Bizzari. Furthermore, by September 2009, Gucci had approximately 278 directly operated stores globally, with its products wholesale done via franchises and upscale department stores.
The company has developed over the years as a symbol of abundance that not only represent a luxury fashion house, but also slang for great success. Thus, its consistent inspiration for many hip-hop and rap artists is drawn from its rich history of opulence and boldness. The French luxury group, Kering is the current owner of Gucci. The former and its proprietor Francois Pinault also own notable brands like Alexander McQueen, Balenciaga, and Yves Saint Laurent. Gucci trades in products for virtually every purpose and gender. Amongst them is them is the Gucci Tennis 1977 Sneaker.
The latest low-top sneaker by the brand draws its design inspiration from tennis-shoe. The sneaker is a reinterpretation of another sneaker found on the brand’s archive, and combines both a modern spirit and original (classic) details, under which the Gucci creative director Alessandro Michele describes as ‘‘a neoclassical philosophy - the act of intentionally imitating an antique example” (GQ Staff, 2020). As a re-imagination of the 70s tennis shoes which arguably both have figuratively and literally stood the test of time, the Gucci Tennis 1977 Sneaker is both durable and easy to wear (Gucci International, 2020).
It has a texturized rubber sole and a low-top made of canvas. The sneakers can be worn with a diverse range of outfits, including suits, corduroy flares, denim jeans, shorts, etc. Furthermore, the product comes in Gucci’s signature plain colors, distinctive prints, neat finish and touch, etc. In addition, the product comes in seven different styles in ranges, which are all unisex.
1. Who buys the product?
Men of all ages
2. Who does not buy the product?
Women
3. What need or function does the product serve?
The sneaker is footwear.
4. Is there a market need that is not being met by current product/brand offerings?
Yes. Though there are several sneakers out there from different brands, the Gucci’s Tennis 1977 Men’s Sneakers have a unique offering in that they feature a luxurious modern design and a classic feature. The luxurious touch makes it wearable in any context and with every outfit.
5. What problem does the product solve?
The main problem that the product solves is the need for luxurious, durable, and easy-to-wear sneaker-shoes.
6. What are customers buying to satisfy the need for which the product is targeted?
There are other sneaker varieties, from Gucci or otherwise, that customers are currently buying.
7. What price are they paying?
Between $ 630.00 and $ 690.00
8. When is the product purchased?
Since the product is currently in the market, it can be purchased at any time.
9. Where is the product purchased?
The product can be purchased directly from the approximately 278 directly operated stores globally, with its products wholesale done via franchises and upscale department stores. Apart from Gucci houses and branches, there are other retailers (both brick-and-mortar and online) that also sells the product.
References GQ Staff. (2020, February 10). Gucci’s New 1977 Tennis Sneakers Are The Same-Same But Different. Retrieved May 7, 2020, from GQ - GQ Middleeast: https://www.gqmiddleeast.com/style/guccis-new-1977-tennis-sneakers-are-the-same -same-but-different Gucci International. (2020). Men's Gucci Tennis 1977 sneaker. Retrieved May 7, 2020, from Gucci International: https://www.gucci.com/int/en/pr/men/shoes-for-men/sneakers-for -men/low-top-sneakers-for-men/mens-gucci-tennis-1977-sneaker-p-606111GZO309361
Date: 2020-05-10
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Men's Gucci Tennis 1977 Sneaker The company and product that I have chosen is Gucci and its Men's Gucci Tennis 1977 sneaker. Gucci is an international Italian luxury fashion and leather goods brand which was founded in 1921 by one Guccio Gucci in the city of Florence, Tuscany. The brand is currently one of the oldest Italian fashion brands operating today. The current CEO of the company is Marco Bizzari. Furthermore, by September 2009, Gucci had approximately 278 directly operated stores globally, with its products wholesale done via franchises and upscale department stores. The company has developed over the years as a symbol of abundance that not only represent a luxury fashion house, but also slang for great success. Thus, its consistent inspiration for many hip-hop and rap artists is drawn from its rich history of opulence and boldness. The French luxury group, Kering is the current owner of Gucci. The former and its proprietor Francois Pinault also own notable brands like Alexander McQueen, Balenciaga, and Yves Saint Laurent. Gucci trades in products for virtually every purpose and gender. Amongst them is them is the Gucci Tennis 1977 Sneaker. The latest low-top sneaker by the brand draws its design inspiration from tennis-shoe. The sneaker is a reinterpretation of another sneaker found on the brand’s archive, and combines both a modern spirit and original (classic) details, under which the Gucci creative director Alessandro Michele describes as ‘‘a neoclassical philosophy - the act of intentionally imitating an antique example” (GQ Staff, 2020). As a re-imagination of the 70s tennis shoes which arguably both have figuratively and literally stood the test of time, the Gucci Tennis 1977 Sneaker is both durable and easy to wear (Gucci International, 2020). It has a texturized rubber sole and a low-top made of canvas. The sneakers can be worn with a diverse range of outfits, including suits, corduroy flares, denim jeans, shorts, etc. Furthermore, the product comes in Gucci’s signature plain colors, distinctive prints, neat finish and touch, etc. In addition, the product comes in seven different styles in ranges, which are all unisex. 1. Who buys the product? Men of all ages 2. Who does not buy the product? Women 3. What need or function does the product serve? The sneaker is footwear. 4. Is there a market need that is not being met by current product/brand offerings? Yes. Though there are several sneakers out there from different brands, the Gucci’s Tennis 1977 Men’s Sneakers have a unique offering in that they feature a luxurious modern design and a classic feature. The luxurious touch makes it wearable in any context and with every outfit. 5. What problem does the product solve? The main problem that the product solves is the need for luxurious, durable, and easy-to-wear sneaker-shoes. 6. What are customers buying to satisfy the need for which the product is targeted? There are other sneaker varieties, from Gucci or otherwise, that customers are currently buying. 7. What price are they paying? Between $ 630.00 and $ 690.00 8. When is the product purchased? Since the product is currently in the market, it can be purchased at any time. 9. Where is the product purchased? The product can be purchased directly from the approximately 278 directly operated stores globally, with its products wholesale done via franchises and upscale department stores. Apart from Gucci houses and branches, there are other retailers (both brick-and-mortar and online) that also sells the product.
10% Plagiarised
90% Unique
560 Words
3617 Characters
Date: 2020-05-10
PLAGIARISM SCAN REPORT
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Men's Gucci Tennis 1977 Sneaker The company and product that I have chosen is Gucci and its Men's Gucci Tennis 1977 sneaker. Gucci
is an international Italian luxury fashion and leather goods brand which was founded in 1921 by one Guccio Gucci in the city of Florence,
Tuscany. The brand is currently one of the oldest Italian fashion brands operating today. The current CEO of the company is Marco Bizzari.
Furthermore, by September 2009, Gucci had approximately 278 directly operated stores globally, with its products wholesale done via
franchises and upscale department stores. The company has developed over the years as a symbol of abundance that not only represent a
luxury fashion house, but also slang for great success. Thus, its consistent inspiration for many hip-hop and rap artists is drawn from its rich
history of opulence and boldness. The French luxury group, Kering is the current owner of Gucci. The former and its proprietor Francois
Pinault also own notable brands like Alexander McQueen, Balenciaga, and Yves Saint Laurent. Gucci trades in products for virtually every
purpose and gender. Amongst them is them is the Gucci Tennis 1977 Sneaker. The latest low-top sneaker by the brand draws its design
inspiration from tennis-shoe. The sneaker is a reinterpretation of another sneaker found on the brand’s archive, and combines both a
modern spirit and original (classic) details, under which the Gucci creative director Alessandro Michele describes as ‘‘a neoclassical
philosophy - the act of intentionally imitating an antique example” (GQ Staff, 2020). As a re-imagination of the 70s tennis shoes which
arguably both have figuratively and literally stood the test of time, the Gucci Tennis 1977 Sneaker is both durable and easy to wear (Gucci
International, 2020). It has a texturized rubber sole and a low-top made of canvas. The sneakers can be worn with a diverse range of
outfits, including suits, corduroy flares, denim jeans, shorts, etc. Furthermore, the product comes in Gucci’s signature plain colors,
distinctive prints, neat finish and touch, etc. In addition, the product comes in seven different styles in ranges, which are all unisex. 1. Who
buys the product? Men of all ages 2. Who does not buy the product? Women 3. What need or function does the product serve? The
sneaker is footwear. 4. Is there a market need that is not being met by current product/brand offerings? Yes. Though there are several
sneakers out there from different brands, the Gucci’s Tennis 1977 Men’s Sneakers have a unique offering in that they feature a luxurious
modern design and a classic feature. The luxurious touch makes it wearable in any context and with every outfit. 5. What problem does the
product solve? The main problem that the product solves is the need for luxurious, durable, and easy-to-wear sneaker-shoes. 6. What are
customers buying to satisfy the need for which the product is targeted? There are other sneaker varieties, from Gucci or otherwise, that
customers are currently buying. 7. What price are they paying? Between $ 630.00 and $ 690.00 8. When is the product purchased? Since
the product is currently in the market, it can be purchased at any time. 9. Where is the product purchased? The product can be purchased
directly from the approximately 278 directly operated stores globally, with its products wholesale done via franchises and upscale
department stores. Apart from Gucci houses and branches, there are other retailers (both brick-and-mortar and online) that also sells the
product.
10%
Plagiarised
90%
Unique
560
Words
3617
Characters
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