Final Examination

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1

1) Which of the following statements about the Enuma Elish is NOT true? A) It probably dates to about 2000 B.C.E.. B) A rebelling god and goddess were destroyed by Marduk. C) Humans were created by the gods out of earth and water. D) It is the creation myth of the people of Akkad.

2) In the mid-1700s, the more astute natural scientists:

A) had questioned the idea that all plant and animal species had been sepa- rately created. B) had provided a substantial body of evidence that the Earth was many mil- lions of years old. C) had proved the biblical account of creation. D) had developed the genetic theory of mutation transmission.

3) Charles Darwin:

A) argued that teleology was an integral part of all life. B) refused to acknowledge that Alfred Russel Wallace had any useful ideas on evolution. C) acknowledged that there was a “Creator”. D) based his ideas on evolution on data he gathered while traveling in south- east Asia.

4) The remains of Homo sapiens have been found throughout:

A) Java. B) Australia. C) Eurasia. D) Africa.

5) Homo first used fire about the year:

A) 5 million B.P. B) 1 million B.P. C) 30,000 B.P. D) 200,000 B.P.

6) Homo sapiens:

A) was a tool user. B) had the smallest brain capacity of any hominid yet discovered. C) were first discovered in fossils in the late seventeenth century. D) means “man with developed brain”.

Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)

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Final Examination

GED 130 Introduciton to Civilization

7) Most archaeologists and paleoanthropologists believe:

A) Homo erectus evolved into Homo sapiens only on the African continent. B) Homo erectus first appeared in Africa. C) Homo erectus first appeared in western Europe. D) Homo erectus evolved into Homo sapiens in several regions.

8) Which of the following events in evolutionary history happened first?

A) first birds B) first amphibians C) first dinosaurs D) first reptiles

9) Which of the following is NOT a reason put forth in the text for the disap- pearance of Neanderthals?

A) Neanderthals interbred with Homo sapiens sapiens. B) Homo sapiens sapiens destroyed the Neanderthals through violence. C) Homo sapiens sapiens out-competed Neanderthals for resources. D) Neanderthals warred with each other and drove themselves to extinction.

10) Linguist Noam Chomsky argues that the ability to use language is:

A) genetic. B) learned from the environment. C) learned from parents. D) a gift of the gods.

11) The “Venus” figurine pictured in the text:

A) was made between 5,000 and 7,000 years ago. B) is probably a fertility charm. C) indicates that the people of that era were on a near-starvation diet. D) was found in southern Africa.

12) Which of the following stages of human development happened first?

A) rapid brain growth B) human migrations to America C) development of speech D) domestication of animals

Final Examination

GED 130 Introduction to Civilization

3

13) The first animals to be domesticated in the “Fertile Crescent” were:

A) goats and sheep. B) dogs. C) llamas and turkeys. D) pigs and cattle.

14) Which of the following empires was organized first?

A) Persian B) Assyrian C) Neo-Babylonian D) Hittite

15) The Bronze Age:

A) occurred before there were written records. B) was a time of significant technological breakthroughs. C) preceded the Paleolithic Age. D) was a time when little of relevance occurred.

16) The world’s first system of writing evolved in:

A) southeast Asia. B) the Indus Valley. C) Khmer. D) Sumer.

17) The Sumerians were finally conquered by:

A) Nefertiti of Egypt. B) Hammurabi of Babylon. C) Alexander the Great of Macedon. D) Sargon of Akkad.

18) Although the Sumerians did not speak Semitic, their use of Semitic names suggests:

A) they had been ruled at one time by a Semitic-speaking people. B) Semitic-speaking people may have preceded them in the area. C) their language had evolved from Semitic. D) that they had migrated from a Semitic speaking region.

19) Which of the following is NOT a Sumerian city-state?

A) Akkad B) Kish C) Uruk D) Lagash

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Final Examination

GED 130 Introduciton to Civilization

20) The city-states of Mesopotamia were especially vulnerable due to:

A) inter-urban warfare. B) their lack of organized armies. C) inability to grow enough food to adequately feed their populations. D) powerful external enemies.

21) In Sumerian times, the idea of legal identity and loyalty was based most fundamentally on:

A) clan. B) religion. C) class. D) geography.

22) Of the following, which has given us the best idea of important Sumerian values?

A) royal correspondence B) lamentations C) king lists D) epics

23) This people invented writing:

A) Babylonians B) Akkadians C) Sumerians D) Egyptians

24) Scholars know the least about this civilization:

A) Nile valley B) Greek city-states C) Indus valley D) Tigris-Euphrates valley

25) Egyptians wrote on paper made from:

A) linen. B) papyrus pith. C) cotton. D) limestone flakes.

Final Examination

GED 130 Introduction to Civilization

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26) The earliest known writing samples were concerned primarily with:

A) the activities of royalty. B) commerce. C) law codes. D) religious practices.

27) In ancient Egypt:

A) most pyramids were located near the fifth cataract. B) Nubia was to the south. C) the Red Sea was to the north. D) Upper Egypt was to the north.

28) Horus:

A) was the father of Osiris. B) represented the southern portion of Egypt. C) ruled the underworld. D) became the main god of the pharaohs.

29) Akhetaten:

A) was the site of worship of the sun god Aten. B) was built by the pharaoh Ramses II. C) was used as a capital for nearly 800 years. D) is considered the best representative of the typical Egyptian city of its day.

30) The art and craftwork of the Indus Valley indicates:

A) they were a nomadic people. B) that the civilization was not very well developed. C) they did not possess metallurgical skills. D) they participated in active interregional trade.

31) The settlements of Harrapa and Mohenjo-Daro could each accommodate:

A) about 10,000 residents. B) about 40,000 residents. C) about 2,500 residents. D) about 25,000 residents.

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Final Examination

GED 130 Introduciton to Civilization

32) Which of the following is NOT one of the four legacies of Harappa described in the text?

A) Aryan invaders nearly completely destroyed the Indus valley civilization. B) Aryan invaders adopted some of the Indus valley agricultural techniques. C) Aryan invaders adopted some of the settlement characteristics of the Indus valley civilization. D) Aryan invaders may have adopted some religious ideas of the Indus valley civilization.

33) The Indus valley civilization:

A) made little use of agricultural practices. B) built numerous temples and palaces. C) began around 7000 B.C.E. D) reached its apex around 1000 B.C.E.

34) Neolithic groups in China began the transition from hunting and gathering to farming and village life as early as:

A) 1700 B.C.E. B) 8000 B.C.E. C) 9000 B.C.E. D) 2700 B.C.E.

35) Chinese oracle bones:

A) were usually made from human bones. B) first came to the attention of scientists after they were found at excava- tion sites. C) have been useful to archaeologists, anthropologists, and historians for at least three centuries. D) have provided useful information about the rulers of the Shang dynasty.

36) The Xia dynasty:

A) was ruled by a single king who controlled all the powers of the state. B) did not leave any significant archaeological sites, so little is known about it. C) had rulers that engaged in rituals and divinations. D) apparently did not make pottery.

Final Examination

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37) Anyang:

A) is one of the most extensively investigated archaeological sites in China. B) was the last capital of the Zhou dynasty. C) was the center of a small empire about 30 miles in diameter. D) was mentioned in Shang texts, though it was referred to by a different name. 38) Early urbanization in South America:

A) was spurred by the high volume of trade with Mesoamerica. B) followed a much different path than that typical in Mesoamerica. C) was not significant until about 500 C.E. D) centered on religious shrines.

39) The Inca empire:

A) forbade any use of the religion or culture of its predecessor states. B) practiced monotheism. C) lasted for nearly 1000 years. D) built an extensive network of roads and paths.

40) The Popol Vuh contains the creation myth of the:

A) Roman Catholic conquistadores from Spain. B) the Aztec civilization. C) the Inca civilization. D) the Mayan civilization.

41) Which of the following Central American civilizations was the first to develop sophisticated astronomy?

A) Mayan B) Olmec C) Teotihu D) Aztec

42) Of the following African cities, which one is NOT believed to have followed a development pattern introduced from other cultures?

A) Kush B) Aksum C) Jenne-Jeno D) Malindi

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Final Examination

GED 130 Introduciton to Civilization

43) Jenne-Jeno:

A) was founded around 250 B.C.E. B) was a settlement on the Yellow River. C) did not appear to engage in trade. D) was first excavated in the early twentieth century.

44) Imperial dominance:

A) requires the use of sheer power to enforce rule. B) is another term for imperial hegemony. C) has little effect on the likelihood of revolt by subjugated peoples. D) exists when rulers make no attempt to gain the allegiance of conquered peoples.

45) The Hittite empire was centered:

A) on the upper Nile. B) in Anatolia. C) in Palestine. D) in Mesopotamia.

46) Which of the following was at different times controlled by the Hittites and by the Mitanni?

A) Harran B) Tarsus C) Babylon D) Nineveh

47) The Greek city-state:

A) typically had populations exceeding 100,000. B) was kept small by wars with the Persian empire. C) usually centered on a single city. D) had political powers analogous to that of a state within the United States.

48) The Persian Empire:

A) reached its greatest geographical extent under Cyrus the Great. B) easily conquered the Scythians. C) failed to defeat Greece at the battle of Marathon. D) maintained itself through a balance of power among the major Middle East states.

Final Examination

GED 130 Introduction to Civilization

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49) Which of the following events occurred first?

A) the Battle of Marathon B) the 2nd Peloponnesian War C) the construction of the Acropolis D) the burning of Persepolis

50) Alexander the Great:

A) never managed to conquer Egypt. B) saw his empire slowly disintegrate during the last years of his life. C) forced conquered peoples to worship Greek gods and goddesses. D) typically ruled through local hierarchies.

51) Which of the following explains why Alexander failed to carry his empire as far as the Ganges in India?

A) He lacked the financial resources to accomplish the task. B) His troops mutinied. C) The Persian forces overwhelmed his troops. D) He died before he could reach India.

52) Which of the following empires began as city-states?

A) Egyptian and Persian B) Mesopotamian and Egyptian C) Macedonian and Greek D) Mesopotamian and Greek

53) The city of Rome was founded in approximately:

A) 753 B.C.E. B) 241 B.C.E. C) 509 B.C.E. D) 405 B.C.E.

54) Carthage:

A) was eventually defeated by Rome, but was given an honored place within the empire. B) had little military success when Hannibal invaded Italy. C) lost all three Punic Wars. D) lay nearly 800 miles away from Italy.

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Final Examination

GED 130 Introduciton to Civilization

55) The Roman patron-client relationship:

A) defined a state of reciprocity between the weak and the strong. B) applied primarily to the business sector. C) allowed for an approximate equality between people of different classes. D) led to the end of the role of the paterfamilias.

56) The triumvirate formed in 60 B.C.E. did NOT include this man:

A) Crassus B) Pompey C) Tiberius D) Julius Caesar

57) Rome’s armies:

A) required few male citizens to actually serve in it. B) were often made up in part by men from conquered regions. C) were paid for primarily by taxes on Roman citizens. D) spent little time developing new technology.

58) The belief system of Rome:

A) prohibited paganism. B) did not allow any holidays. C) incorporated Christianity within a few decades of the death of Jesus. D) centered on the emperor as a god.

59) The Silk Road linked which of the following cities?

A) Sarapion and Asabon B) Luoyang and Bactra C) Antioch and Alexandria D) Luoyang and Guangzhou

60) The fall of the Roman Empire: A) did not occur, according to most historians, until the Byzantine Empire was destroyed in 1453. B) was due primarily to the disrupting influence of Christianity. C) occurred despite solid leadership over the final 200 years. D) was hastened by the actions of Germanic peoples.

Final Examination

GED 130 Introduction to Civilization

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61) Confucius:

A) felt that some people were born evil and could not be changed. B) was made a high ranking advisor to a Chinese leader. C) lived during the period of the Warring States. D) had little lasting impact on the conduct of government in China.

62) Daoism:

A) was developed primarily to guide statesmen. B) is quite similar to Confucianism. C) presents a detailed set of formal rules to guide society. D) stresses a closeness to the natural world.

63) The Mandate of Heaven:

A) could allow a dynasty to rule forever. B) was a personal god worshipped by emperors. C) showed it was pleased by creating natural disasters. D) blessed moral rulers.

64) Over the course of the Han dynasty, this group rose to the top of the social and political hierarchy:

A) generals B) priests C) scholars D) merchants

65) Regarding economic policy of the Han empire, it is true that:

A) Confucians opposed military expansion in part because it was so costly. B) the empire had to make do with what it had when it was founded, since no new sources of wealth were discovered. C) Emperor Wu cut taxes. D) Han emperors refused to nationalize private enterprise.

66) The Tang dynasty:

A) made major changes in the policies of the previous dynasty. B) abandoned the imperial examination system. C) presided during a major flowering of Chinese poetry. D) persecuted Buddhism.

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Final Examination

GED 130 Introduciton to Civilization

67) Japan:

A) modeled its art on that of the southeast Asian islands. B) accepted the cultural hegemony of China. C) was careful to keep its borders closed to immigrants during its early years. D) was conquered twice by China.

68) The Aryan peoples in India:

A) spoke a Semitic language. B) first arrived in the Indus valley in 1000 B.C.E. C) were expelled from the region by the Maurya dynasty. D) formed political groupings called janapadas.

69) Which of the following was written first?

A) the Bhagavad-Gita B) the Mahabharata and Ramayana C) the Puranas D) Sangam poetry

70) The Kushana:

A) were supporters of Buddhism. B) invaded India just prior to the rule of the Mauryan family. C) left no artifacts traceable to the time of their rule. D) came from the Iranian plateau.

71) India’s “adivasis”:

A) usually live in the less-accessible areas. B) have rarely been able to assert any independence. C) farm some of India’s richest soil. D) are well described in ancient historical records.

72) Funan:

A) controlled only a small area around the mouth of the Mekong River. B) encouraged Hinduism. C) built Angkor Wat. D) did not allow the influence of Buddhism into its territory.

Final Examination

GED 130 Introduction to Civilization

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73) Asoka’s empire:

A) was not described in known historical records until a find about 100 years ago. B) was overthrown by barbarian invasions from the north. C) expelled many Hindus. D) included the island of Sri Lanka.

74) The oldest religion still in practice is:

A) Hinduism. B) Christianity. C) Judaism. D) Buddhism.

75) The caste system in India:

A) is officially sanctioned by the Rigveda. B) has no relevance in the India of today. C) does not provide for a soldier class. D) officially provides for six castes.

76) The Puranas focus least on this:

A) stories of gods B) stories of goddesses C) the deep philosophical concepts of Hinduism D) folk tales

77) Mahayana Buddhism:

A) never presented a serious challenge to Theravada Buddhism. B) believed in the bodhisattva concept. C) took its name from the Sanskrit term for “lesser vehicle”. D) argued there was no heaven.

78) Hinduism and Buddhism were similar in all of the following aspects, except:

A) the degree of respect they gave to brahmins. B) their development of sacred languages. C) their belief in reincarnation. D) their place of origin.

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Final Examination

GED 130 Introduciton to Civilization

79) The Buddhist center furthest from the site of Buddha’s enlightenment is located in:

A) Kandy B) Bamiyan. C) Kotabangun. D) Edo.

80) Jesus’ most important commandment was to:

A) honor your father and mother. B) love your neighbor. C) give to the poor. D) love God.

81) Paul:

A) opposed slavery in both principle and practice. B) sought to subordinate women in the church. C) was Jesus’ most devoted disciple in the years prior to Jesus’ death. D) felt that married clergy were closer to God than single clergy.

82) Which of the following Jewish groups stayed aloof from politics and preached that the end of the world was imminent?

A) Essenes B) Sadducees C) Pharisees D) Zealots

83) Monasteries:

A) were, after the Council of Nicea, exclusively for men. B) were often located in urban areas. C) tended to be complex political organizations. D) usually contained members who were celibate.

84) In the eighth century, the advance of Islam into Europe was:

A) most rapid in Scandinavia. B) most rapid in Italy. C) stopped in southern France by Charles Martel. D) of little consequence for the Catholic Church.

Final Examination

GED 130 Introduction to Civilization

15

85) Which of the following areas was NOT a major area of strength for Roman Catholicism in the year 1200?

A) France B) Kievan Russia C) Germany D) Italy

86) Muslims begin their calendar with this event:

A) the birth of Muhammad. B) the birth of Abraham. C) the death of Muhammad. D) the date Muhammad moved to Medina.

87) Abu Bakr:

A) ruled for nearly 30 years. B) was a direct descendent of Muhammad. C) was the first caliph. D) refused to use force to keep recent converts faithful to Islam.

88) The campaigns of Genghis Khan extended as far west as:

A) the Caucasus Mountains. B) Kaifeng. C) Ain Jalut. D) Liegnitz.

89) Ibn Khaldun held all of the following views, except:

A) the only differences between Westerners and Easterners are cultural, not innate. B) tensions between peoples is often related to class. C) nomadic peoples tended to conquer urban peoples. D) scholars are often the wisest rulers.

90) Use of the decimal system and the zero was first developed by the:

A) Indians. B) Greeks. C) Arabs. D) Turks.

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Final Examination

GED 130 Introduciton to Civilization

91) Before 1500 C.E., the greatest part of the exchange economy consisted of:

A) international trade. B) local transactions. C) long-distance transactions. D) medium-distance transactions.

92) West African trade:

A) was conducted primarily by sailing ship. B) was centered in Great Zimbabwe. C) was dependent upon the camel to deliver goods to Europe. D) is extensively documented for the period from about 200 C.E. to about 700 C.E.

93) After the ninth century, Arabs provided the main trading link between East Africa and:

A) West Africa. B) the Indian Ocean. C) the Europe. D) the Americas.

94) The primary focus of Polynesian sailors was:

A) to establish an empire in the Pacific. B) to establish a trade system throughout the Pacific. C) to locate new places in which to settle. D) to explore the Pacific Ocean.

95) The bubonic plague:

A) was spread primarily due to the activities of the Mongols. B) never reached China. C) had less effect in Europe than in other places where the disease struck. D) is transmitted by flies.

96) The Annales school of history:

A) was named for a Parisian cafaccent(e) frequented by French historians: the Cafaccent(e) des Annales. B) published a journal edited by historians for historians. C) was centered in the University of Paris. D) emphasized an interdisciplinary approach to history.

Final Examination

GED 130 Introduction to Civilization

17

97) In the high Middle Ages, most European Jews:

A) lived freely among Christians. B) sought to return to ancient Israel and Judea. C) were forbidden to loan money. D) were often successful traders.

98) Prince Henry the Navigator established a center for the study of navigation in order to:

A) control the eastern coast of Africa. B) end Muslim control of the southern shores of the Mediterranean. C) to study navigation and build ships. D) discover new lands.

99) Which of the following explorers was the first to clearly recognize that Columbus had NOT discovered a route to Asia?

A) Vasco Nutilde(n)ez de Balboa B) Vasco de Gama C) Amerigo Vespucci D) Bartolomeo Dias

100) The sea voyages of exploration and discovery:

A) were spearheaded by the prosperous Italian city-states. B) began with Columbus’ discovery of America. C) included the first round-the-world voyage by Ferdinand Magellan in the first half of the sixteenth century. D) were financed in large part by the Ottoman Empire.

© Allyson Skene, UTSC Writing Centre; updated by Sheryl Stevenson, 2012. Handout also available at http://ctl.utsc.utoronto.ca/twc/webresources.

MLA CITATION This handout is available in an alternate format on request.

What is it? Developed by the Modern Language Association, the MLA style is most common in the humanities. MLA citations consist of in-text references and the list of works cited.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS

The in-text component of MLA citation comprises two main elements: the author’s last name and the page number. A complete citation will look like this: (Auerbach 48).

 If the author’s name is mentioned in the text, or clear from the context, it need not be cited:

In Woman and the Demon, Nina Auerbach helps explain this infusion of power and meaning into women’s hair by pointing out “the totemistic aura parts of a woman’s body acquire in disjunction from the woman herself” (48).

Source: (Gitter 941). See the back of this sheet for the full citation.

 If your reference list includes more than one work by the same author, distinguish between the

different works: put the title, or a short version of it, in the citation, as in the following reference to one of several novels by Thomas Hardy that are discussed in the essay:

Eustacia Vye’s thick, dark hair is described as animate; her nerves literally extend into her tresses (Return of the Native 53; bk. 1, ch. 7).

Source: (Gitter 941). See the back of this sheet for the full citation.

 Citations for classic novels often include divisions by volume or chapter after the page number (see

the previous example). When citing plays in verse or poems, refer to line numbers along with divisions of the work (act, book, canto, etc.), as shown below. In the fiction of the Odyssey it is a gentleman of Scheria, home of the Phaiakians, who sneeringly tells Odysseus that he resembles a merchant “grasping for profits” (8.158-64), only to eat his words (8.400- 15) after the hero demonstrates his athletic prowess.

Source: (Quint 26). See the back of this sheet for the full citation.

 For any type of source without an identified author, cite the title or a short version of it. This rule applies to any anonymous work (like the article shown below), including definitions from dictionaries and most entries in reference works such as encyclopedias.

Thus, readers discovered in 1927 that Jean Rhys had published The Left Bank and in 1928 that the Modern Library had issued a reprint of Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (“Books”).

Source: (Leick 129). See the back of this sheet for the full citation.

 To refer to a source that is quoted or cited in one of your readings, list only the text that you have actually read in your Works Cited, and use “qtd. in” to refer to it in your in-text citation. In the example below, you would cite Fitch, not the works Fitch quoted, in the Works Cited.

A page of quotations in 1927 included the New York Times’s characterization of transition as “hopelessly muddled and unintelligible,” the Saturday Review of Literature’s complaint that the publication consisted of “onslaught and ravage upon the English language,” and the observation by the Detroit News that “Gertrude Stein, living in France, has apparently forgotten English—at least the kind of English this reviewer speaks” (qtd. in Fitch 195, 201, 152).

Source: (Leick 134). See the back of this sheet for the full citation.

WORKS CITED LIST

The list of references at the end of a paper appears under the title “Works Cited,” which is centered at the top of a new page. For complete guidelines, consult MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (7th edition).

This edition of the MLA Handbook indicates that items in the reference list should include the medium of publication, such as “Print” or “Web.” To cite multiple works by the same author, note the example of Hardy below. See Purdue Online Writing Lab (http://owl. english.purdue.edu/) for detailed information on MLA citations and paper format.

CITING PRINT PUBLICATIONS

Book: Auerbach, Nina. Woman and the Demon. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1982. Print.

Hardy, Thomas. Jude the Obscure. 1895. New York: Penguin, 1978. Print.

---. The Return of the Native. 1878. Ed. James Gindin. New York: Norton, 1969. Print.

An Essay, Story, Poem, Play, or Other Text in an Anthology: Murray, Stuart. “Hollywood and the Fascination of Autism.” Autism and Representation. Ed. Mark

Osteen. New York: Routledge, 2008. 244-55. Print.

A Source with No Identified Author: “Books Received.” Life 13 Oct. 1927: 30. Print.

CITING WEB PUBLICATIONS

Journal Article in an Online Database: Gitter, Elisabeth G. “The Power of Women’s Hair in the Victorian Imagination.” PMLA 99.5 (1984):

936-54. JSTOR. Web. 12 Jan. 2012.

Leick, Karen. “Popular Modernism: Little Magazines and the American Daily Press.” PMLA 123.1 (2008): 125-39. MLA International Bibliography. Web. 9 Sept. 2011.

Quint, David. “The Genealogy of the Novel from the Odyssey to Don Quijote.” Comparative Literature 59.1 (2007): 23-32. JSTOR. Web. 9 Sept. 2011.

Article Published in an Online Scholarly Journal: Jirón-King, Shimberlee. “Thompson's and Acosta's Collaborative Creation of the Gonzo Narrative

Style.” CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 10.1 (2008): n. pag. Web. 3 Aug. 2011.

Article from a Newspaper or Magazine: Lederman, Marsha. “Orwell’s Dystopia Comes Alive in a Haunting Production.” The Globe and Mail

28 Mar. 2011: R3. ProQuest. Web. 12 Jan. 2012.

Dictionary Definition: "Panopticon." Oxford English Dictionary Online. Oxford UP, Dec. 2011. Web. 12 Jan. 2012.

A Work on the Web That Has Appeared in Print: Peacock, Molly. “A Favor of Love.” Cornucopia: New and Selected Poems, 1975-2002. New York:

Norton, 2002. 19-20. Representative Poetry Online. U of Toronto Libraries. Web. 12 Jan. 2012.

Woolf, Virginia. A Room of One’s Own. London: Hogarth, 1929. eBooks@Adelaide. U of Adelaide Library. Web. 12 Jan. 2012.

Remember that correctness in details of citations will demonstrate your effort and reliability as a scholar!

VPSA63H3 BUT WHY IS IT ART? | STUDIO | ARTS, CULTURE, AND MEDIA, UTSC | FALL 2015 | PROF. WILL KWAN | GRADING CODES This list explains the codes that you may see on your graded writing assignments. If you want further explanation please come talk to me during office hours. ISSUES WITH GRAMMAR AND WRITING MECHANICS SEN Poor sentence structure, confusing sentence, or sentence fragment. GRM Improper use of adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, pronouns, subject/verb agreement, verb tenses, or irregular verbs. WC Poor word choice. PUN Incorrect punctuation. SP Incorrect spelling. NP New paragraph. ISSUES WITH CONTENT GEN Avoid generalizations or clichés like this. Replace vague words/statements with specific words/concise examples. EXP This term or concept needs explanation. TS Poor topic sentence. A topic sentence should introduce what the paragraph is about. OP This statement is out of place. It is unrelated to what you are discussing in the rest of the paragraph. CON This statement, paragraph, or section is confusing. FAL Avoid logical fallacy. This statement is a circular argument (restates the argument rather than actually proving it), an

either/or conclusion (oversimplifies an argument by reducing it to two sides or choices), an ad hominem (attack on the character of a person rather than his or her opinions or arguments), an ad populum (emotional appeal that speaks to positive or negative concepts rather than the real issues, or relies moral equivalence (compares minor misdeeds with major atrocities).

APL Use appropriate language. Avoid using slang or idiomatic expressions in academic writing. LPS Sentence lacks parallel structure. CIT Citation needed. WHY YOU SHOULD LEARN TO WRITE The most important skills you can learn while you are at UTSC are effective writing and communication skills. Your ability to succeed in a job or a field after you graduate will be affected by how well you can present yourself and your thoughts through text and language. Take proactive steps to improve on these skills while you are here. WRITING SUPPORT RESOURCES Purdue University has an excellent website that explains the mechanics and structure of good writing in short and clear summaries: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/1/ Some of the learning resources/services offered at UTSC include: • The Writing Centre utsc.utoronto.ca/~ctl/twc/index.htm • English Language Development utsc.utoronto.ca/~ctl/eld/reading.html • Centre for Teaching & Learning utsc.utoronto.ca/~ctl/index.html