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DOI: 10.1177/0093854883010002005

1983 10: 209Criminal Justice and Behavior ROY V. LEWIS

Squires Program California Style : Evaluation of the San Quentin−−Scared Straight

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Bloom’s Taxonomy Action Verbs   

Definitions  Knowledge  Comprehension  Application Analysis Synthesis  Evaluation

Bloom’s  Definition 

Remember  previously  learned  information. 

Demonstrate an  understanding of  the facts. 

Apply knowledge  to actual  situations. 

Break down  objects or ideas  into simpler parts  and find evidence  to support  generalizations. 

Compile  component  ideas into a new  whole or  propose  alternative  solutions. 

Make and defend  judgments based  on internal  evidence or  external criteria. 

Verbs  • Arrange  • Define  • Describe  • Duplicate  • Identify  • Label  • List  • Match  • Memorize  • Name  • Order  • Outline  • Recognize  • Relate  • Recall  • Repeat  • Reproduce  • Select  • State 

• Classify  • Convert  • Defend  • Describe  • Discuss  • Distinguish  • Estimate  • Explain  • Express  • Extend  • Generalized  • Give example(s) • Identify  • Indicate  • Infer  • Locate  • Paraphrase  • Predict  • Recognize  • Rewrite  • Review  • Select  • Summarize  • Translate 

• Apply  • Change  • Choose  • Compute  • Demonstrate  • Discover  • Dramatize  • Employ  • Illustrate  • Interpret  • Manipulate  • Modify  • Operate  • Practice  • Predict  • Prepare  • Produce  • Relate  • Schedule  • Show  • Sketch  • Solve  • Use  • Write 

• Analyze  • Appraise  • Breakdown  • Calculate  • Categorize  • Compare  • Contrast  • Criticize  • Diagram  • Differentiate  • Discriminate  • Distinguish  • Examine  • Experiment  • Identify  • Illustrate  • Infer  • Model  • Outline  • Point out  • Question  • Relate  • Select  • Separate  • Subdivide  • Test 

• Arrange  • Assemble  • Categorize  • Collect  • Combine  • Comply  • Compose  • Construct  • Create  • Design  • Develop  • Devise  • Explain  • Formulate  • Generate  • Plan  • Prepare  • Rearrange  • Reconstruct  • Relate  • Reorganize  • Revise  • Rewrite  • Set up  • Summarize  • Synthesize  • Tell  • Write 

• Appraise  • Argue  • Assess  • Attach  • Choose  • Compare  • Conclude  • Contrast  • Defend  • Describe  • Discriminate  • Estimate  • Evaluate  • Explain  • Judge  • Justify  • Interpret  • Relate  • Predict  • Rate  • Select  • Summarize  • Support  • Value 

Bloom’s Taxonomy of Measurable Verbs Benjamin Bloom created a taxonomy of measurable verbs to help us describe and classify observable knowledge, skills, attitudes, behaviors and abilities. The theory is based upon the idea that there are levels of observable actions that indicate something is happening in the brain (cognitive activity.) By creating learning objectives using measurable verbs, you indicate explicitly what the student must do in order to demonstrate learning. Verbs that demonstrate Critical Thinking EVALUATION Appraise SYNTHESIS Argue Arrange Assess ANALYSIS Assemble Choose Analyze Collect Compare APPLICATION Appraise Combine Conclude Apply Categorize Comply Estimate COMPREHENSION Complete Compare Compose Evaluate Compare Construct Contrast Construct Interpret KNOWLEDGE Describe Demonstrate Debate Create Judge List Discuss Dramatize Diagram Design Justify Name Explain Employ Differentiate Devise Measure Recall Express Illustrate Distinguish Formulate Rate Record Identify Interpret Examine Manage Revise Relate Recognize Operate Experiment Organize Score Repeat Restate Practice Inspect Plan Select State Tell Schedule Inventory Prepare Support Tell Translate Sketch Question Propose Value Underline Use Test Setup

Watch Out for Verbs that are not Measurable

In order for an objective to give maximum structure to instruction, it should be free of vague or ambiguous words or phrases. The following lists notoriously ambiguous words or phrases which should be avoided so that the intended outcome is concise and explicit. WORDS TO AVOID Believe Hear Realize Capacity Intelligence Recognize Comprehend Know See Conceptualize Listen Self-Actualize Depth Memorize Think Experience Perceive Understand Feel PHRASES TO AVOID Evidence a (n): To Become: To Reduce: Appreciation for… Acquainted with… Anxiety Attitude of… Adjusted to… Immaturity Awareness of… Capable of… Insecurity Comprehension of…. Cognizant of… Enjoyment of… Conscious of… Feeling for… Familiar with… Interest in… Interested in…. Knowledge of… Knowledgeable about…. Understanding of… Self-Confi dent in.