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Criminal Justice and
http://cjb.sagepub.com/content/10/2/209 The online version of this article can be found at:
DOI: 10.1177/0093854883010002005
1983 10: 209Criminal Justice and Behavior ROY V. LEWIS
Squires Program California Style : Evaluation of the San Quentin−−Scared Straight
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Bloom’s Taxonomy Action Verbs
Definitions Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation
Bloom’s Definition
Remember previously learned information.
Demonstrate an understanding of the facts.
Apply knowledge to actual situations.
Break down objects or ideas into simpler parts and find evidence to support generalizations.
Compile component ideas into a new whole or propose alternative solutions.
Make and defend judgments based on internal evidence or external criteria.
Verbs • Arrange • Define • Describe • Duplicate • Identify • Label • List • Match • Memorize • Name • Order • Outline • Recognize • Relate • Recall • Repeat • Reproduce • Select • State
• Classify • Convert • Defend • Describe • Discuss • Distinguish • Estimate • Explain • Express • Extend • Generalized • Give example(s) • Identify • Indicate • Infer • Locate • Paraphrase • Predict • Recognize • Rewrite • Review • Select • Summarize • Translate
• Apply • Change • Choose • Compute • Demonstrate • Discover • Dramatize • Employ • Illustrate • Interpret • Manipulate • Modify • Operate • Practice • Predict • Prepare • Produce • Relate • Schedule • Show • Sketch • Solve • Use • Write
• Analyze • Appraise • Breakdown • Calculate • Categorize • Compare • Contrast • Criticize • Diagram • Differentiate • Discriminate • Distinguish • Examine • Experiment • Identify • Illustrate • Infer • Model • Outline • Point out • Question • Relate • Select • Separate • Subdivide • Test
• Arrange • Assemble • Categorize • Collect • Combine • Comply • Compose • Construct • Create • Design • Develop • Devise • Explain • Formulate • Generate • Plan • Prepare • Rearrange • Reconstruct • Relate • Reorganize • Revise • Rewrite • Set up • Summarize • Synthesize • Tell • Write
• Appraise • Argue • Assess • Attach • Choose • Compare • Conclude • Contrast • Defend • Describe • Discriminate • Estimate • Evaluate • Explain • Judge • Justify • Interpret • Relate • Predict • Rate • Select • Summarize • Support • Value
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Measurable Verbs Benjamin Bloom created a taxonomy of measurable verbs to help us describe and classify observable knowledge, skills, attitudes, behaviors and abilities. The theory is based upon the idea that there are levels of observable actions that indicate something is happening in the brain (cognitive activity.) By creating learning objectives using measurable verbs, you indicate explicitly what the student must do in order to demonstrate learning. Verbs that demonstrate Critical Thinking EVALUATION Appraise SYNTHESIS Argue Arrange Assess ANALYSIS Assemble Choose Analyze Collect Compare APPLICATION Appraise Combine Conclude Apply Categorize Comply Estimate COMPREHENSION Complete Compare Compose Evaluate Compare Construct Contrast Construct Interpret KNOWLEDGE Describe Demonstrate Debate Create Judge List Discuss Dramatize Diagram Design Justify Name Explain Employ Differentiate Devise Measure Recall Express Illustrate Distinguish Formulate Rate Record Identify Interpret Examine Manage Revise Relate Recognize Operate Experiment Organize Score Repeat Restate Practice Inspect Plan Select State Tell Schedule Inventory Prepare Support Tell Translate Sketch Question Propose Value Underline Use Test Setup
Watch Out for Verbs that are not Measurable
In order for an objective to give maximum structure to instruction, it should be free of vague or ambiguous words or phrases. The following lists notoriously ambiguous words or phrases which should be avoided so that the intended outcome is concise and explicit. WORDS TO AVOID Believe Hear Realize Capacity Intelligence Recognize Comprehend Know See Conceptualize Listen Self-Actualize Depth Memorize Think Experience Perceive Understand Feel PHRASES TO AVOID Evidence a (n): To Become: To Reduce: Appreciation for… Acquainted with… Anxiety Attitude of… Adjusted to… Immaturity Awareness of… Capable of… Insecurity Comprehension of…. Cognizant of… Enjoyment of… Conscious of… Feeling for… Familiar with… Interest in… Interested in…. Knowledge of… Knowledgeable about…. Understanding of… Self-Confi dent in.

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