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F

B U

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Zmd Zmd Zmd

Zmd ZmdZmd

O|c

|e |e |e

|wac

|cb|cb

|wact

|war |t

|ca

|ch

|e |wact

|wac |war

|t

|ca

|ch |cwo

|cwm

|ca |ca

|t |chs

|chs

|ch

|ch |cwo |cwm

|cwb Zcm Zcp Zss

Ylg

Yq

Yc

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Yp

Yp Yp

Yp

Ypg

Zcm Zss

Ymc

Yml

Ym Ym

Yml

Zfsc

Zfsm Zfcr Zcma

Zcm Zcp

|cw Jcm

Jmm

J^cc J^cc

J^cc

J^ccg

J^ccg ^cbb

Jdh

Jdg

J^tm

J^tmJ^tm

^cbb

Jdh Jdh

J^tm

^cbb

Jd

^cbb

^cmp

|Zmbs

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Jdc

^cbb

Jdh

J^tm

^cbb^cbg ^cmp ^cmr

|Zmbs

|Zms |Zmg

|Zmg

Jd

|Zu

|Zms |Zms |Zu

|Zu

|Zmt

|Zms

|Zmg

|Zmm |Zmp

|Zmm

|Zmg

Ob

|Zmp |s |s Ogh

Ogp

|s

Ogg

Ogh

Ogh |s|s

|Zu Ok |lu |lu|l

GREAT VALLEY SECTION BLUE RIDGE-SOUTH MOUNTAIN ANTICLINORIUM

S H

E N

A N

D O

A H

R IV

E R

B L U

E R

ID G

E

S H

O R

T H

IL L F

A U

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la ck

O a k

R id

g e

C A

T O

C T

IN M

O U

N TA

IN

CULPEPER BASIN POTOMAC TERRANE

B U

L L R

U N

M O

U N

TA IN

F A

U LT

U .S

. R

O U

T E

1 5

G o o se

C re

ek

W A

S H

IN G

T O

N A

N D

O L D

D O

M IN

IO N

R A

IL R

O A

D R

E G

IO N

A L T

R A

IL

S TA

T E

R O

U T

E 7

B ro

ad R

u n

S u ga

rl an

d R

u n

C ab

in J

o h n C

re ek

P O

T O

M A

C R

IV E

R

S TA

T E

R O

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E 1

9 0

P L U

M M

E R

S I S

L A

N D

F A

U LT

IN T

E R

S TA

T E

R O

U T

E 2

7 0

IN T

E R

S TA

T E

R O

U T

E 4

9 5

IN T

E R

S TA

T E

R O

U T

E 4

9 5

IN T

E R

S TA

T E

R O

U T

E 4

9 5

BLUE RIDGE PROVINCEVALLEY AND RIDGE PROVINCE PIEDMONT PROVINCE

4000

3000

2000

1000

SEA LEVEL

1000

2000

3000

4000

3000

2000

1000

SEA LEVEL

1000

2000

3000

4000

|cb

|cb O|c

O|c |e

|e

Zcm |cw

|ch |ca |t

|wa

|e |cb

Obss O|c

Obs

Obrr

Osnr Osnr Om

Oc Oc

Obps Obps

Om Oc

|t

|ca |ch

Obrr Obs

O|c

Obss

|cb |e

|wa

|t

|ca |ch |cw Zcm Yhm

O|c |cb |cb |wac

|wact |e |e |e

|war

|war |td

|tbh |t

|ca

|ca |cwo

|cwm

|tbh |tf|tb

|ch |cwb

Zcm

|td

|ca

|ch

Zcr |cwo

|cwm |cwb

Yhm

|chs

|clc

Zcm Yg Yg

Zsm Zss

Zmd Zmd ZrdZrd

Ybg

|cwb |clp

Zcm |cwm

|ca

|ch

|cw

|clp

Zcm

^cmp^cmt

^cbl

O|gu |fl O|gl

|fa

|fr

|frs

|fr |fr

|ar

|u

|sq

|Zsb

|Zip Jd

|Zip

|Ziq|uq |uq

|uq

|Zsq |Zsb

|sq

|Zsb

|Zss

|Zsb

|Zsc

|Zsb

|Zsmp |Zsmp

|Zmbq

|Zmbs |Zmbs |Zms

|Zu

|Zmg

|Zp

|s

|Zmp

IN T

E R

S TA

T E

R O

U T

E 8

1

S TA

T E

R O

U T

E 9

U .S

. R

O U

T E

1 1

M A

S S

A N

U T

T E

N S

Y N

C L IN

O R

IU M

S U

G A

R L O

A F M

O U

N TA

IN A

N T

IC L IN

O R

IU M

O p eq

u o n C

re ek

O p eq

u o n C

re ek

R o ck

ym ar

sh R

u n

P O

T O

M A

C R

IV E

R

S h a rp

sb u rg

A n ti

et am

C re

ek

C at

o ct

in C

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B L U

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ID G

E

S TA

T E

R O

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E

6 7

S O

U T

H M

O U

N TA

IN

BLUE RIDGE-SOUTH MOUNTAIN ANTICLINORIUMGREAT VALLEY SECTION CULPEPER BASIN FREDERICK VALLEY SYNCLINORIUM WESTMINSTER TERRANE POTOMAC TERRANE

C A

T O

C T

IN M

O U

N TA

IN

U .S

. R

O U

T E

S 1

5 A

N D

3 4 0

F re

d er

ic k

IN T

E R

S TA

T E

R O

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2 7 0

IN T

E R

S TA

T E

R O

U T

E

7 0

M o n o ca

cy R

iv er

B u sh

C re

ek

M A

R T

IC F

A U

LT M A

R T

IC F

A U

LT

K E

E D

Y S

V IL

L E

F A

U LT

B U

L L R

U N

M O

U N

TA IN

F A

U LT

M A

R T

IC F

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LT

H Y

A T

T S

T O

W N

T H

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S T

F A

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B A

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V IL

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M o n ro

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P L E

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A N

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F A

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R O

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0

S TA

T E

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7

P L U

M M

E R

S I

S L A

N D

F A

U LT

VALLEY AND RIDGE PROVINCE BLUE RIDGE PROVINCE PIEDMONT PROVINCE

|Zsb

1000 meters = 3281 feet Surficial deposits are not shown

4000

3000

2000

1000

SEA LEVEL

1000

2000

3000

4000

1000 meters = 3281 feet Surficial deposits are not shown

B

4000

3000

2000

1000

SEA LEVEL

1000

2000

3000

4000

B'

A'A

NO VERTICAL EXAGGERATION

METERS

METERS METERS

4000 METERS

PLEA S A

N T G

RO VE FAU

LT

Qt Qcf Qcc Qr

Jdc

Ql

Kps

Dp

QTt

Qa

|t

|wa

|tf

|tbh

|tb

|war

|td

|wact

|e

|wac

|cb |f

|sq

|u

|um

|uq

|ar

|fr |frs

|cs

|sql

|squ

|sqm

|fa

O|gl

|fl

O|gu Obss

O|c

Obs

Obrr

Obps

Oc

Osnr

Om

Yc

Ya

YqYp

Ylg*

Ypg*

Yhm*

Ymc*

Yqp*

Ym*

Ygt*

Yg*

Yml*

Ypb*

Ybg*

Zrc*

|clp

|clc

|cwm |cwmq

|cwb

|cwo

|cw

Jd* Jdh*

Zmd Zrd*

Jdg*

201.2 ±1.3 Ma

571.5±5 Ma

200 Ma

Ogp

Ong Onu Ontr

OggOgh*

Ok* Oq

Dg* 362±3 Ma

Odl Odt

Ob

478±6 Ma

463±8 Ma

472±4 Ma

449±7 Ma

Odm*

1,149±19 Ma

1,111±2 Ma to 1,112±3 Ma

1,140 Ma

1,144±2 Ma

Ont*

|Zms |Zmg |Zmm |Zmp |Zmt

|lu |l

|Zo

|Zl |Zlm

|Zn

|s

J^tm

Jms Jmss

Jmtc Jmt

Jmh Jmhs

Jmmc Jmm

Jcm

Zcm Zcr*

Zcma Zcs Zcp

J^cc J^ccg

^cbl^cbg ^cbb

|ca

|t

|cp

Zss

Zsp ZsmZfcr

Zfsc Zfsm

^cmt ^cmp ^cmr

|ch |chs

|Zsm

|Zsb

|Zsf |Zsqp

|Zw

|Zicp

|Zim

|Zicm

|Zic

|Zp |Zsd |Zu |Zg

|Zpq

|Zpb

|Zmbb

|Zmbs |Zmbq

|Zmbg

|Ziq

|Zip

|Zib

|Zstp |Zss |Zsc

|Zshp |Zsl|Zil

Stratified rocks

CORRELATION OF MAP UNITS (Units with an asterisk have been dated)

VALLEY AND RIDGE PROVINCE

BLUE RIDGE PROVINCE PIEDMONT PROVINCE

GREAT VALLEY SECTION

CULPEPER AND GETTYSBURG BASINS

FREDERICK VALLEY SYNCLINORIUM

SUGARLOAF MOUNTAIN ANTICLINORIUM AND

BUSH CREEK BELT

WESTMINSTER TERRANE

POTOMAC TERRANE

UNCONSOLIDATED SURFICIAL MATERIALS

COASTAL PLAIN PROVINCE

Intrusive rocks

Stratified rocks

Intrusive rocks

|Zsq

|Zsmp

Stratified rocks

Meriden Group

Chatham Group

Chilhowee Group

Fauquier Group

Newark Supergroup

Unconformity

Lower Cretaceous

Holocene

Tertiary

Upper Ordovician

Middle Cambrian

Lower Jurassic

TRIASSIC

QUATERNARY

Upper Triassic

Lower Ordovician and Upper Cambrian

Lower Cambrian and (or)

Neoproterozoic

Pleistocene

Upper Devonian

Middle Ordovician

Neoproterozoic

Lower Cambrian

Lower Ordovician

Upper Cambrian

Mesoproterozoic

DEVONIAN

JURASSIC

ORDOVICIAN

CAMBRIAN

PROTEROZOIC

CRETACEOUS

600 Ma

722±3 Ma

1,055±2 Ma

1,055±4 Ma

1,059±2 Ma

1,060±2 Ma

1,077±4 Ma

1,153±6 Ma

Beekmantown Group

??

32

44

77

47

60

75

40

L

Qa

Qt

Qr

Ql

QTt

Om

Oc

Osnr

Obps

Obrr

Obs

Obss

O|c

|cb

Qcf

Qcc

|e

Ypb

Zrc

Ybg

Yml

Yg

Ygt

Yqp

Ym

Ymc

Ypg

Yhm

Ylg

Jms

J^tm

Jmss

Jmt

Jmtc

|Zo

|Zl

|Zlm

|Zn

|Zsd

|Zu

|Zg

Kps

Jmh

Jmhs

Jmm

Jmmc

Jcm

J^cc

|cs

|ar

J^ccg

Ob

|s

|l

|lu

|u

|um

|uq

Dp

Dg

Oq

Ok

|Zw

Yc

Ya

Yp

Yq

|t

|cp

|ca

|ch

|chs

|t

|wac

|wact

|war

|wa

|td

|tb

|tf

|tbh

^cbg

^cbb

^cbl

O|gu

O|gl

|frs

|f

^cmp

^cmt

^cmr

|fl

|fa

|fr

|Zmp

|Zmt

|Zms

|Zmg

|Zmm

|sq

|squ

|sqm

|sql

|Zstp

|Zsb

|Zsf

|Zsm

|Zsqp

|Zsmp

|Zshp

|Zsl

|Zsq

|Zss

|Zsc

|Zip

|Zil

|Zib

|Ziq

|Zim

|Zic

|Zicm

|Zicp

|Zmbs

|Zmbg

|Zmbb

Ogh

Ogg

Ogp

|Zmbq

Ont

Ong

Onu

Odm

Odl

Odt

Ontr

|Zp

|Zpb

|Zpq

|cwo

|cwm

|clc

|clp

|cwmq

Zrd

Zmd

Zfcr

Zsm

Zsp

Zfsm

Zfsc

Zss

|cwb

|cw

Zcm

Zcs

Zcp

Zcr

Jd

Jdc

Jdh

Jdg

Zcma

LIST OF MAP UNITS

[Map units are shown generally from west to east. For descriptions, please see accompanying text pamphlet.]

UNCONSOLIDATED SURFICIAL MATERIALS

Alluvium (Holocene)

Terrace deposit, low level (Holocene and Pleistocene)

Colluvium (Holocene and Pleistocene)

Fine colluvium

Coarse colluvium

Residuum (Holocene and Pleistocene)

Lag gravel (Holocene and Pleistocene)

Terrace deposit, high level (Pleistocene and Tertiary)

VALLEY AND RIDGE PROVINCE

Great Valley Section

Martinsburg Formation (Upper and Middle Ordovician)

Chambersburg Limestone (Middle Ordovician)

St. Paul Group (New Market and Row Park Limestones, undivided) (Middle Ordovician)

Beekmantown Group

Pinesburg Station Dolomite (Middle Ordovician)

Rockdale Run Formation (Middle and Lower Ordovician)

Stonehenge Limestone (upper part) (Lower Ordovician)

Stoufferstown Member

Conococheague Limestone (Lower Ordovician and Upper Cambrian)

Big Spring Station Member (Upper Cambrian)

Elbrook Limestone (Upper and Middle Cambrian)

Waynesboro Formation (Lower Cambrian)

Chewsville Member

Cavetown Member

Red Run Member

Undivided—Shown in cross section only

Tomstown Formation (Lower Cambrian)

Dargan Member

Benevola Member

Fort Duncan Member

Bolivar Heights Member

BLUE RIDGE PROVINCE

Tomstown Formation (Lower Cambrian)

Carbonaceous phyllite (Lower Cambrian)

Chilhowee Group

Antietam Formation (Lower Cambrian)

Harpers Formation (Lower Cambrian)

Metasandstone

Weverton Formation (Lower Cambrian)

Owens Creek Member

Maryland Heights Member

Quartzite

Buzzard Knob Member

Undivided

Loudoun Formation (Lower Cambrian)

Conglomerate

Phyllite

Catoctin Formation (Neoproterozoic)

Metabasalt

Metasedimentary phyllite

Tuffaceous phyllite

Metarhyolite

Marble

Metadiabase dike (Neoproterozoic)

Metarhyolite dike (Neoproterozoic)

Swift Run Formation (Neoproterozoic)

Marble

Phyllite

Metasandstone and schist

Fauquier Group

Carter Run Formation (Neoproterozoic)

Swains Mountain Formation (Neoproterozoic)

Metamudstone

Boulder conglomerate

Cobbler Mountain Alkali Feldspar Quartz Syenite of the Robertson River Igneous Suite (Neoproterozoic)

Megacrystic metagranite (Mesoproterozoic)

Biotite granite gneiss (Mesoproterozoic)

Pink leucocratic metagranite (Mesoproterozoic)

White leucocratic metagranite (Mesoproterozoic)

Garnetiferous metagranite (Mesoproterozoic)

Quartz-plagioclase gneiss (Mesoproterozoic)

Marshall Metagranite (Mesoproterozoic)

Coarse-grained metagranite (Mesoproterozoic)

Porphyroblastic metagranite (Mesoproterozoic)

Hornblende monzonite gneiss (Mesoproterozoic)

Layered granitic gneiss (Mesoproterozoic)

Charnockitic granite (Mesoproterozoic)

Amphibolite (Mesoproterozoic)

Garnet-graphite paragneiss (Mesoproterozoic)

Quartzite and quartz-sericite tectonite (Mesoproterozoic)

PIEDMONT PROVINCE

Culpeper and Gettysburg Basins

Diabase dikes and sills (Early Jurassic)

Crystalline diabase

High-titanium quartz-normative early cumulates

High-titanium quartz-normative late cumulates

Granophyre

Thermally metamorphosed rocks (Lower Jurassic and Upper Triassic)

Meriden Group

Sander Basalt (Lower Jurassic)

Sandstone and siltstone

Turkey Run Formation (Lower Jurassic)

Conglomerate

Hickory Grove Basalt (Lower Jurassic)

Sandstone and siltstone

Midland Formation (Lower Jurassic)

Conglomerate

Chatham Group

Mount Zion Church Basalt (Lower Jurassic)

Catharpin Creek Formation (Lower Jurassic and Upper Triassic)

Goose Creek Member

Bull Run Formation (Upper Triassic)

Groveton Member

Balls Bluff Member

Leesburg Member

Manassas Sandstone (Upper Triassic)

Poolesville Member

Tuscarora Creek Member

Reston Member

Frederick Valley Synclinorium

Grove Formation (Lower Ordovician and Upper Cambrian)

Upper member

Lower member

Frederick Formation (Upper Cambrian)

Lime Kiln Member

Adamstown Member

Rocky Springs Station Member

Shale

Undivided

Cash Smith Formation (Upper and Middle Cambrian)

Araby Formation (Middle and Lower Cambrian)

Sugarloaf Mountain Anticlinorium and Bush Creek Belt

Urbana Formation (Lower Cambrian?)

Marble

Quartzite

Sugarloaf Mountain Quartzite (Lower Cambrian)

Upper member

Middle member

Lower member

Undivided--Shown in cross section only

Westminster Terrane

Wakefield Marble (Lower Cambrian? and Neoproterozoic?)

Sams Creek Formation (Lower Cambrian? and Neoproterozoic?)

Metabasalt

Felsic schist

Marble

Tuffaceous phyllite

Muscovitic phyllite

Hematitic phyllite

Metalimestone

Quartzite interbedded with phyllite

Quartzite

Metasiltstone

Calcareous metasandstone

Ijamsville Phyllite (Lower Cambrian? and Neoproterozoic?)

Phyllite

Metabasalt

Quartzite

Marble

Metalimestone

Phyllitic conglomerate

Conglomeratic metagraywacke

Chloritic phyllite

Marburg Formation (Lower Cambrian? and Neoproterozoic?)

Metasiltstone

Metagraywacke

Metabasalt

Quartzite

Prettyboy Schist (Lower Cambrian? and Neoproterozoic?)

Metabasalt

Quartzite

Potomac Terrane

Pegmatite (Late Devonian)

Guilford Granite (Late Devonian)

Quartz bodies (Ordovician)

Norbeck Intrusive Suite (Late Ordovician)

Biotite-hornblende tonalite

Quartz gabbro

Ultramafic rocks

Trondhjemite

Kensington Tonalite (Middle Ordovician)

Georgetown Intrusive Suite (Early Ordovician)

Biotite-hornblende tonalite

Quartz gabbro

Metapyroxenite

Dalecarlia Intrusive Suite (Early Ordovician)

Biotite monzogranite and granodiorite

Leucocratic muscovite-biotite monzogranite

Muscovitic trondhjemite

Bear Island Granodiorite (Ordovician?)

Sykesville Formation (Lower Cambrian)

Laurel Formation (Lower Cambrian)

Upper part

Oella Formation (Lower Cambrian and (or) Neoproterozoic)

Loch Raven Schist (Lower Cambrian and (or) Neoproterozoic)

Semipelitic schist and meta-arenite

Northwest Branch Formation (Lower Cambrian and Neoproterozoic)

Mather Gorge Formation (Lower Cambrian and (or) Neoproterozoic)

Quartz-rich schist

Metagraywacke

Migmatite

Phyllonite

Metatuff

Soldiers Delight Ultramafite (Lower Cambrian and (or) Neoproterozoic)

Mafic and ultramafic rocks (Lower Cambrian and Neoproterozoic)

Metagabbro and metapyroxenite (Lower Cambrian and Neoproterozoic)

COASTAL PLAIN PROVINCE

Potomac Formation (Lower Cretaceous)

EXPLANATION OF MAP SYMBOLS Contact—Dotted where concealed

Lake bed—Dotted where concealed

FAULTS (Dashed where inferred; dotted where concealed)

Thrust fault—Sawteeth on upper plate

Normal fault—Ball and bar on downthrown side

Reactivated fault—Open ball and bar on downthrown side of early normal fault and sawteeth on upper plate of later thrust fault; shown in cross section as a double-headed arrow

Overturned thrust fault—Bar on upper plate; sawteeth show direction of dip

Strike-slip fault—Arrows show relative movement

Unclassified

Shear zone

PLANAR FEATURES (May be combined with linear features; where features are combined,

intersection of symbols marks point of intersection)

Strike and dip of bedding

Inclined

Overturned

Vertical

Horizontal

Strike and dip of Mesoproterozoic foliation including compositional layering

Inclined

Vertical

Strike and dip of first-generation (S1) Paleozoic cleavage and (or) schistosity

Inclined

Vertical

Strike and dip of second-generation (S2) Paleozoic cleavage and (or) schistosity

Inclined

Vertical

Strike and dip of mylonitic and phyllonitic foliation

Inclined

Vertical

LINEAR FEATURES (May be combined with planar features; where features are combined,

intersection of symbols marks point of intersection)

Bearing and plunge of axis of minor fold

OTHER FEATURES

Location of isotopically dated rock—Sample dated by U-Pb dating techniques

Quarry or mine, active and inactive—Abbreviations are as follows: Ag, silver; Au, gold; C, chromite; Cu, copper; D, diabase; F, hematite, limonite, manganese, and iron ore; L, limestone; M, marble; Pb, lead; S, building stone; Sl, slate; Zn, zinc

Radon in soil gas—Shown where greater than 200 pCi/L (Gunderson and others, 1988)

Small sinkhole—Less than or equal to 50 m2 in diameter

Large sinkhole

L

L L

LL

L L

L

L L

F L

L L

F

F F F

F

Zn

L

F

F F

F

F Sl

M

S

Au

M

L

F

M

L

L L

F

FF

F

L

Sl

M

M M

M

L

F

Au

L

F F

L

L L

M

Cu, Au,Ag

M

F

C

Sl

SlSl

L L

F

S

F

S

Sl

F

D

S

S M

D

Cu

D D

S

SSS

S

Cu

S S

S

Au

F

S

F

M

M M

Cu,Ag Pb

Cu

Cu,Zn

F

40

56

32

57

5

62

35

16

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS MAP SIM 2889

Explanatory pamphlet accompanies map

1 10 KILOMETERS0 1 2 43 5 6 7 8 9

SCALE 1:100 000 1 8 MILES10 2 3 4 5 6 7

CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 METERS NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, 1984

1983 North American datum

25,000-foot grid ticks based on Georgia coordinate system, west zone

10,000-meter Universal Transverse Mercator grid ticks, zone 16

Geology mapped from 1989 to 1994

Digital compilation by James E. Reddy and Danielle Denenny

Geologic map editing by Elizabeth D. Koozmin

Digital cartography by D. Paul Mathieux

M A

G N

E T

IC N

O R

T H

APPROXIMATE MEAN DECLINATION, 2007

T R

U E

N O

R T

H

10 / °1 2

VIRGINIA

MARYLAND

MAP LOCATION

W. VA.

GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE FREDERICK 30' X 60' QUADRANGLE, MARYLAND, VIRGINIA, AND WEST VIRGINIA By

Scott Southworth,1 David K. Brezinski,2 Avery Ala Drake, Jr.,3 William C. Burton,1 Randall C. Orndorff,1 Albert J. Froelich,4 James E. Reddy,1 Danielle Denenny,1 and David L. Daniels3 1U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va. 2Maryland Geological Survey, Baltimore, Md. 3U.S. Geological Survey, Retired. 4Deceased.

2007 Printed on recycled paper

This map is available for sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services, Box 25286, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225

For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov; Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS

Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government

Answer these questions using the MD/VA/WV geologic map.

1. Is the region in the extreme northwest corner to the Potomac River strongly folded or strongly faulted?

2. Is the region from the southeast corner to Harrison Island along the Potomac strongly folded or strongly faulted?

3. In the eastern part of the map, along the Shenandoah River, the sediments are only Quaternary in age, yet they are surrounded by much older Cambrian sediments. How do you explain this?

4. In the southeastern corner of the map, locate Rockville and Gaithersburg. Notice that they are separated by the Plummer’s Island Fault. Is Rockville moving atop Gaithersburg or is Gaithersburg moving atop Rockville?

5. Find Martinsburg, WV, in the extreme northwest corner. Now locate Martinsburg, MD, which is just to the east of Harrison Island and Mason Island along a bend in the Potomac in the south central area of the map. Which is surrounded by the older rock?

6. Locate Long Marsh Run just south of the West Virginia/ Virginia border on the eastern side of the map.

(a)Which way is it flowing?

(b)How many different ages of rock would you encounter along its course?

7. In the middle image at the bottom, to the far right, you see that the younger Prettyboy Schist lies beneath the older Mather Gorge Formation. How can older rock be found atop younger rock?

8. Locate the oval, brown rocks near the center of the map. What geologic feature is this?

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