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Lab_3.pdf

Clark College Engineering Department Spring 2015 ENGR&/PHSC 104 Introduction to Design

Lab #3

Parachute Design

Objective

Explore how parachutes are used to slow moving objects in order to determine the real problem.

The goal is to develop a parachute that can carry a metal washer to a 10 cm diameter target on

the ground with the slowest rate of descent.

Develop a working parachute from everyday items that can carry one metal washer to the ground

from the balcony of APH. The parachute has to hit a target 10 cm in diameter with the slowest

rate of descent. The parachute that can hit the target with the slowest descent rate is the winner.

Using the engineering design method, your team will:

 Design and construct a parachute

 Test and refine the designs

 Evaluate and test the effectiveness of the parachute and those of other teams

Terms and Concepts

 Velocity

 Surface Area

 Canopy Material

 Suspension Line

Materials

 string ● plastic trash bag

 plastic grocery bag ● engineering paper

 coffee filters ● paper

 aluminum foil ● tape

 metal washer

Resources

 scissors ● stop watch

Procedure

1) In your teams with assigned team roles.

2) Identify and define the problem. Apply steps 1-4 as discussed in Chapter 4 and document.

3) Brainstorm ideas and sketches for your Parachute.

a) What kinds of materials will you use?

i) What effects will the canopy material on descent rate?

b) What different types style of designs?

i) What effects will the surface arena on descent rate?

ii) What effects will the suspension line material and/or length on descent rate?

c) Consider in the design that you will need to compensate for weather conditions outside.

d) Create a sketch for each idea.

4) Choose the best 3 ideas.

a) Discuss the method used to choose them?

Clark College Engineering Department Spring 2015 ENGR&/PHSC 104 Introduction to Design 5) Collect relevant information.

6) Set up constraints and a basis for evaluating alternatives. Evaluate against alternatives.

7) Select a final design. Document materials required.

8) Build a prototype.

a) During construction, you may decide you need additional materials or that your design

needs to change.

b) If you change the design, create a new sketch and a new materials list.

9) Test your prototype.

a) Relevant information

Velocity is change in distance over change in time. 𝑉 = ∆ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡[𝑚]

∆𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 [𝑠]

b) Document in data table.

10) Accept feedback and make modifications as necessary.

a) If you modify your final design, retest and document in a new data table.

b) Reflection

i) Reflect on the success and/or failure of the final parachute.

ii) Did you decide to revise your original design or request additional materials while in

the construction phase? Why?

iii) If you could have had access to materials that were different than those provided,

what would your team have requested? Why?

iv) What designs or methods did you see other teams try that you thought worked well?

v) Why might designers have to adapt their original plans during the construction of

systems or products?

vi) What kind of changes do you think you would need to make to your design if you

needed to transport a heavier payload?

Documentation

Testing

1. Test prototype parachute.

2. Evaluate the prototype to make sure it can support the washer and achieve the slowest

rate of descent. Drop height is measured from the bottom edge of the washer.

Parachute Testing Data

Drop Height

(m)

Drop Time

(s)

Velocity

(m/s)

Distance

Landed from

Target

Test 1

Test 2

Test 3

Test 4

Average

Clark College Engineering Department Spring 2015 ENGR&/PHSC 104 Introduction to Design Deliverables

 Formal lab report required. One report per team. Check “Lab Report Format” and “Lab

Report Rubric” on Canvas for more details. (50%)

 Individual portion below. (50%)

Individual Portion (Answer on engineering paper using engineering format)

1) Book problem 3.3.

2) Go to http://www.umich.edu/~scps/html/03chap/frames.htm, read the “Critical Thinking

Questions – Of Bird Droppings and Car Paint” article and take the quiz. Print out your quiz.

3) Book problem 3.13.

4) Book problem 4.10.

5) Book problem 4.12.

Lab Report Format

ENGR & PHSC PAGE 1

All reports must include the following sections in the order specified:

1) Title Page

 Title of the lab, Due Date, Course #, Team Members.

2) Introduction:

 Give an overview of the entire lab.

 The final paragraph of the introduction usually describes what will be discussed in the report and how it will be presented.

3) Design problem and objectives: Give a clear and concise

 Design objectives

 Definition of the problem

 Outline any design constraints

 Include any specifications

4) Design documentation: Show all elements of your design including an explanation of

 Assumptions made, making sure to justify your design decisions.

 Function of the design

 Ability of meet Specifications

 Prototypes developed, their testing and results relative to Specifications

 Manufacturing processes used

 Human factors considered (if applicable)

 All diagrams, figures and tables should be accurately and clearly labeled with meaningful names and/or titles.

5) Bill of materials: A bill of materials includes part description, quantity, and material.

6) Safety: Provide a statement of the safety consideration in your design to the extent that is relevant.

7) Conclusions: Analyze and summarize the results, including the design and testing and assess how well the design

meets the objectives presented in the Introduction. If the design did not meet the objectives, analyze

why the design did not succeed and what could be modified to make the design successful.

8) Reflection: Include reflections, suggestions, improvements, etc. Answer all the reflection questions, it guides

you through this process.

9) Appendices:

 Original data, sketches. Any additional information.

 Please type the formal report and make sure to check spelling.

 Lab reports do not have a specified length; they should be concise and provide the reader with a complete knowledge of what was done, what information was obtained, and how the information

relates to recommendations provided.

 Lab reports should generally be written in the third person.

 All tables included in the report require a title and appropriate column and/or row headings as appropriate.

Final Semester Reflection

Directions: Read the questions below and answer each question completely. NOTE: Grades will be based on the quality of the answers to the questions below. Please edit your responses carefully; grammatical errors will result in lost points.

1. Read The Battle by Brian Bollinger. Describe in a well-developed paragraph how your approach to writing has changed over the course of the semester. Provide specific examples to support your answer.

Note: Your response this question should be an 8-12 sentence paragraph that includes a topic sentences and supporting details that fully explains your response.

2. What has been your greatest struggle this semester with reading/writing this semester? Describe in detail the steps you have taken or need to continue to take to overcome this challenge. Give specific examples to support your answer.

Note: Your response this question should be an 8-12 sentence paragraph that includes a topic sentences and supporting details that fully explains your response.

3. Being successful in college requires strong literacy (reading/writing/oral communication/listening skills). Furthermore, individuals with strong literacy skills are sought after and valued by employers. Explain in a well-developed paragraph how you would rate your literacy skills on a scale of 1 to 10 (1 = low, 10 = high). Provide specific examples and reason s to support your answer.

Note: Your response this question should be a 8-12 sentence paragraph that includes a topic sentences and supporting details that fully explains your reasons.

4. What grade would you give yourself for this course? Provide specific reasons to support your answer.

Note: Your response this question should be a 6-8 sentence paragraph that includes a topic sentences and supporting details.

Battle

Brian Bolinger, college freshman

Everyone has a different writing process in one way or another. My writing process is easier to talk about than to actually do, but I have developed a process that enables me to write successful essays. I believe if you keep your writing process simple and basic, you can use most of your energy developing good content for your paper. When I receive a writing assignment, I know that from that moment until I turn in the final copy I am not going to be the most rational guy in the world. In other words, I do not like the thought of fighting the assignment because in my case I think the process of writing a paper is a war, me against the assignment. Even though writing seems to be a struggle for me, I have developed a process within my first three months of college that helps me win the dreaded battle.

When I receive the writing assignment, I start by rounding up all of the needed equipment to fight the battle. I look at this part of the process as if I were gathering up troops. I write down the assignment on a blank piece of paper with about twelve additional blank sheets stacked underneath. The paper is just the ordinary white paper with blue lines on it; in addition to the paper, I lay out my favorite black Uni-ball pen, my handy Webster’s dictionary, and occasionally my grammar book.

Even though I get out all my equipment, I do not always start right away. I procrastinate the actual writing but use the extra time to my advantage—I think over and over about the topic. I cannot start putting my ideas on paper until everything is just right. That is another reason I look at writing as a war because before a country invades another, everything has to be perfect. And everything is perfect for me only when I have at least four hours of free time, my thoughts are focused on the assignment, I am not tired or hungry, and there is no other alternative activity going on.

Once I am ready to dive into the battle, I grab my writing equipment and head to the stairwell in my dorm. I go down two flights of stairs to get to the study room on the quiet floor of the building. The closer I get, with every step, I become more nervous. I finally reach the quiet floor door, I grab the door knob, I feel a force pushing me away, I fight it by pulling the door open, and then I feel as if I am being pulled into a wind tunnel. Once I am in the room, I feel the heat from the heat ducts, am blinded by the glare of the lights, and numbed from the ticking of my watch. I place my equipment on my favorite desk, and at the same time, I imbed my carcass in the chair.

When I am writing, there has to be complete silence in the room. My ears will pick up the softest sounds, so if I hear anything, my train of thought completely blows up. I envy people like my roommate, who has to write in a room with a blaring stereo or television. And at times he will even be talking at the same time he is writing. But I need quiet.

To begin with, I start getting some ideas on paper by making a brainstorming list. This list usually consists of short phrases, words, and sometimes sentences. I take the ideas from the brainstorming list and try a couple of good thesis sentences. Once I have chosen a thesis that best expresses my opinion on the topic, I rearrange my ideas in the order that I will try to follow throughout the process, but in most cases, I will end up with a different order than I originally planned. This changing and rearranging does not cause a problem because I keep my ideas on track with the thesis, or I change the thesis if I discover new ideas while writing.

As you can see, I am the kind of writer who likes to invent and revise a lot while I am drafting, instead of writing a draft straight through and then revising. The revising I do while drafting helps me discover what I know and want to say on the topic. I guess for me the writing process goes on all at once, rather than in steps, though I am aware of the invention, drafting, and revising as I am doing them.

Finally, I edit the paper, looking particularly for errors rather than worrying about content and organization because by this point they should be the way I want. I look at editing as dressing the wounds after the battle. Usually I read the paper three or four times when I edit. When I am satisfied that I have edited my paper as best as I can, I put it away until the next day. Then I type it, perhaps making minor changes. At last, I proofread the typed copy and make minor corrections, if needed, neatly with my black pen.

In this battle called writing, I am not alone. Knowing that other students struggle with the act of writing gives me comfort. I believe there is not a perfect writer in this world, so if you can’t perfect writing, all you can do is develop ways to make it easier to win the battle. And winning feels pretty good!

From Basic Writing, by Peter Carino

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