INTRODUCTION

• Policy-making and implementation

• Necessary to deal with societal problems

• Policy interventions

• Costly

• Long-term implications

• May affect large groups of people

• Not easy to undo

COMPLEXITY AND UNCERTAINTY

• Ongoing process

• Recognize issue as problem

• Develop alternative course of action

• Create or alter policy

• Implement policy

• Execute policy

• Evaluate policy

POLICY CYCLE AND STAKEHOLDERS

DEVELOPMENTS

• New technology that affects policy process • Social media

• Blogs

• Open data

• Freedom of information

• Wisdom of the crowds

• Open collaboration

• Transparency in policy simulation

• Agent-based simulation and hybrid modeling techniques

COMBINING DISCIPLINES

• New field is known by different names • ePolicy-making

• Digital policy science

• Computational intelligence

• Digital science / Data science

• Policy informatics

• Multidisciplinary • Requires expertise from wide range of disciplines

SUMMARY

• Policy-making is changing due to technology

• Technology can help to develop more effective policy

• Integrating technology requires substantial effort • Many types of technology

• Requires different levels of expertise

• All technology is not helpful for each situation

• Emerging need for inter-disciplinary specialists

Chapter 8

Finding Lost Files