Marking criteria

Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Robbins, S. P., Chatterjee, P., & Canda, E. R. (2012). Contemporary human behavior theory: A critical perspective for social work (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Allyn & Bacon.

· Chapter 6, “Theories of Assimilation, Acculturation, Bicultural Socialization, and Ethnic Minority Identity” (pp. 134–168)

Dominelli, L., & Hackett, S. (2012). Internationalising social work theory and practice. International Social Work, 55(2), 151–153.

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Bernal, G., Jiminez-Chafey, M. I., & Domenech Rodriguez, M. M. (2009). Cultural adaptation of treatments: A resource for considering culture in evidence-based practice. Professional Psychology: Research And Practice, 40(4), 361–368.

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., Brocksen S. (Eds.). (2014). Sessions: Case histories. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

· Part 2, “The Petrakis Family”

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2013). Petrakis family: Episode 1 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://class.waldenu.edu

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 3 minutes.

Petrakis Family Episode 1Program Transcript

FEMALE SPEAKER: OK, Mrs. Petrakis, what I'd like to do is ask you a few questions just so I get a good understanding of what's going on. First, let's start with what brings you here today.

HELEN PETRAKIS: [LAUGHS] What brings me here? Let's get down to business. I will tell you what's going on.

My husband and I are Greek. Petrakis, big surprise, right? We're Greek Orthodox. You know what that means? It means tradition and family the old fashioned way. Nothing is more important than family, nothing. Young people today, they don't seem to care so much. For me, it's everything to my last breath.

FEMALE SPEAKER: Yes, but-

HELEN PETRAKIS: So that means I take care of my family, not just my husband, my children, too. We have three. There's Alek, he's 27, and Dimitra, she's 23, and Athena, 18. They all live at home, and so I take care of all of them. A mother's work is never done.

FEMALE SPEAKER: Mrs. Petrakis-

HELEN PETRAKIS: Oh no, no. Call me Helen, please. Let me finish. So is it all too much for me? Of course it is. I also work full time at the hospital, billing department. [LAUGHS] You have no idea how much that place overcharges. Let me tell you. Don't get sick at a hospital. They will bleed your money.

Anyway, I'm already feeling overwhelmed, like a crazy person. Sometimes I find myself crying for no reason. And now my mother-in-law's got dementia and I'm running over to her place every chance I get to look after her, too.

FEMALE SPEAKER: Wow. You certainly have your hands full. May I ask-

HELEN PETRAKIS: Magda.

FEMALE SPEAKER: Excuse me?

HELEN PETRAKIS: Oh, that's my mother-in-law's name. She's 81. But dementia is not the worst of it. She fell in her apartment and broke her hip, and how she can't go out. So I'm running over there every chance I get to make sure she has what she needs.

And then last night, I had a thought. Alek, my 27-year-old. He's not working right now. What if he moved in with grandma and helped take care of her? That way, I

©2013 Laureate Education, Inc.

1

Petrakis Family Episode 1

can relax a bit, know she's OK, and not be going out of my mind every day like a crazy person. I mean, what do you think? Grandson gets to know his grandmother a little bit, gives his mom a break. It's a good solution, right? Right?

FEMALE SPEAKER: Yes. Yes, it sounds real good.

Petrakis Family Episode 1 Additional Content Attribution

MUSIC:

Music by Clean Cuts

Original Art and Photography Provided By:

Brian Kline and Nico Danks ©2013

SOCW 60 discussion week6

Respond to two colleagues by expanding on their posts with an explanation of the bicultural conflict and tension, experienced by both the social work intern and Helen, as a result of their ethnic and racial identities. Then, explain how you, as a social worker, might address Helen and her family’s bicultural socialization needs, given what your colleague described. Answer in APA format in a separate file or work a 3 page answer 2 for written answer and 1 for references a total of 3 pages with at least 2 citations per paragraph. Each discussion needs a separate references Use the learning resources as references to support your answer and citations

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      In Helen's case she is Greek Orthodox, which means she is devoted to her family. Helen has three grown children, her husband, and her mother-in-law who was recently diagnosed with depression and suffered a broken hip which leaves her with both physical and cognitive limitations. Helen sounds completely overwhelmed with her situation. She barely lets the social work intern speak to her. The intern and Helen's ethnic and racial identities could greatly influence their interaction. Helen may be able to relate and build a stronger rapport with an intern who is Greek Orthodox as well, however this is most often not the case. If there are strong differences present, it could greatly affect the amount of progress and connection made throughout the therapy process. In the video, it seemed that the intern was not taking the importance of Helen's ethnic identity seriously enough. She seemed to be overwhelmed by everything that Helen was saying and tried to interject multiple times while Helen was speaking (Plummer, Makris, & Brocksen, 2014).The lack of knowledge and understanding of the intern could show a limited level of intergroup competence. Intergroup competency refers to the relationship between the majority and minor population (Robbins, Chatterjee, & Canda, 2012). Meaning that Greek Orthodox in American society are conflicting and often will be problematic or difficult. Helen is trying to hold onto her ehtnic values and carry the traditions that she was instilled with by other generations of Greek Orthodox. This isn't just her ethnicity. It is something that drives her. It gives her value and purpose to her life. The Social Worker could try the skills of active listening and engagement with Helen. She could listen to what Helen has to say and ask her more about being Greek Orthodox. It could be very valuable to take the approach of the student in this case. "No, I am not familiar with Greek Orthodox values. Can you explain it further to me?" Then the intern can engage in conversation to not only show interest and apply value to something that is so important to Helen, but also learn more about it herself.

References

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., Brocksen S. (Eds.). (2014). Sessions: Case histories. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

· Part 2, “The Petrakis Family”

Robbins, S. P., Chatterjee, P., & Canda, E. R. (2012). Contemporary human behavior theory: A critical perspective for social work (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Allyn & Bacon.

Chapter 6, “Theories of Assimilation, Acculturation, Bicultural Socialization, and Ethnic Minority Identity” (pp. 134–168)

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2. Tanikia Barker

RE: Discussion - Week 6

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A summary of the cultural influences depicted in the video and explain how Helen and the intern's ethnic and racial identities might be relevant to their interaction.

     One of the cultural identified in the video is Greek. Helen who is Greek Orthodox is married has three adult children living in the home and she works full-time. Helen has a mother-in-law that she see after every chance she gets. The intern is working on a case that involves Petrakis Family, who is of a different cultural background which may greatly influence their interaction. 

Then, explain any video evidence of the intern's perception of Helen's culture and further explain how the intern's cultural perception might reflect her level of intergroup competence.

    In the video, the intern seems to keep eye contact with Helen but have no clue to what Helen is saying when ask does she know what "Greek Orthodox is".  The intern tries to take notes, but Helen continues to rant on and on about what going on in her life. The intern seems to be overthrown by all the talking Helen is doing. According to Robbins, Chatterjee, Canda (2012), "intergroup competence skills that are generic across all social groups, rather than focusing on specific cultural competencies, their model addresses skills that enhance better intergroup relations and valuing of diversity in organizations".  When the intern was not knowledgeable of the client's cultural showed intergroup competence.

Finally, explain what social work skill the intern might use to apply the dual perspective model approach to Helen.

     The intern should have done research on the cultural background of the Petrakis family she would have been prepared for Helen case. The intern should have use open-ended questions instead of asking permission to ask a question. With the open-ended questions, the intern would have gotten the answer she needed to help Helen's case. The intern should not agree on a solution without providing the right resources that would help the Petrakis family.

References

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S. Brocksen S. (Eds.). (2014). Sessions: Case histories Baltimore. MD: Laureate International Universities  Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].                                                                                 Part 2, "The Petrakis Family

Robbins, S. P., Chatterjee, P., & Canda, E. R. (2012). Contemporary human behavior theory: A critical perspective for social work (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Allyn & Bacon.                                                       Chapter 6, "Theories of Assimilation, Acculturation, Bicultural Socialization, and Ethnic Minority Identity"       (pp. 134-168)

SOCW 61 response to students week 6 discussion #1 and #2

Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Christ, G., & Diwan, S. (2008). Chronic illness and aging: The role of social work in managing chronic illness care. Council on social work education . Retrieved from http://www.cswe.org/getattachment/Centers-Initiatives/CSWE-Gero-Ed-Center/Teaching-Tools/Gero-Competencies/Practice-Guides/Assignments-Measurments/CI-Sec2-Role-SW.pdf.aspx

Paveza, G. J. (2013). Assessment of the elderly. In M. J. Holosko, C. N. Dulmus, & K. M. Sowers (Eds.), Social work practice with individuals and families: Evidence-informed assessments and interventions (pp. 177–195). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., & Brocksen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014a). Sessions: case histories. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

· The Petrakis Family (pp. 20–22)

Required Media

Petrakis Family Episode 1 Program Transcript FEMALE SPEAKER: OK, Mrs. Petrakis, what I'd like to do is ask you a few questions just so I get a good understanding of what's going on. First, let's start with what brings you here today. HELEN PETRAKIS: [LAUGHS] What brings me here? Let's get down to business. I will tell you what's going on. My husband and I are Greek. Petrakis, big surprise, right? We're Greek Orthodox. You know what that means? It means tradition and family the old fashioned way. Nothing is more important than family, nothing. Young people today, they don't seem to care so much. For me, it's everything to my last breath. FEMALE SPEAKER: Yes, but-- HELEN PETRAKIS: So that means I take care of my family, not just my husband, my children, too. We have three. There's Alek, he's 27, and Dimitra, she's 23, and Athena, 18. They all live at home, and so I take care of all of them. A mother's work is never done. FEMALE SPEAKER: Mrs. Petrakis-- HELEN PETRAKIS: Oh no, no. Call me Helen, please. Let me finish. So is it all too much for me? Of course it is. I also work full time at the hospital, billing department. [LAUGHS] You have no idea how much that place overcharges. Let me tell you. Don't get sick at a hospital. They will bleed your money. Anyway, I'm already feeling overwhelmed, like a crazy person. Sometimes I find myself crying for no reason. And now my mother-in-law's got dementia and I'm running over to her place every chance I get to look after her, too. FEMALE SPEAKER: Wow. You certainly have your hands full. May I ask-- HELEN PETRAKIS: Magda. FEMALE SPEAKER: Excuse me? HELEN PETRAKIS: Oh, that's my mother-in-law's name. She's 81. But dementia is not the worst of it. She fell in her apartment and broke her hip, and how she can't go out. So I'm running over there every chance I get to make sure she has what she needs. And then last night, I had a thought. Alek, my 27-year-old. He's not working right now. What if he moved in with grandma and helped take care of her? That way, I ©2013 Laureate Education, Inc. 1 Petrakis Family Episode 1 can relax a bit, know she's OK, and not be going out of my mind every day like a crazy person. I mean, what do you think? Grandson gets to know his grandmother a little bit, gives his mom a break. It's a good solution, right? Right? FEMALE SPEAKER: Yes. Yes, it sounds real good. Petrakis Family Episode 1 Additional Content Attribution MUSIC: Music by Clean Cuts Original Art and Photography Provided By

SOCW 61 response to students discussion #1

Respond to two colleagues and explain how their assessments support the NASW Code of Ethics (2008). Include two values and/or guiding principles to support your explanation. Answer in APA format in a separate file or work a 3 page answer 2 for written answer and 1 for references a total of 3 pages with at least 2 citations per paragraph. . Each discussion needs a separate references Use the learning resources as references to support your answer and citations

3. Gayle Koonce

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Firstly, this story is hitting so close to my family dynamics, way of thinking, I’m having flashbacks.  (More on that later) *.

John Petrakis, the patriarch of the family, mother Magda lives 30 minutes from him and his family.  Until recently Magda was mainly self-sufficient.  This changed after she broke her hip, and started showing signs of dementia.  John’s wife, Helen, has assumed responsibility for Magda’s care, Plummer, Makris & Brocksen (2014a).

Based on the seven domains, Christ & Diwan (2008), here is a potential look at Magda’s situation:

With Magda’s current and pending challenges, she may be in a position of not being able to adequately care for herself.  This is a time when she can put a voice to what she wants in her future.  Otherwise, the time may come when she won’t be able to express her wishes.  This should have been done at the time when she was first assessed. 

As for a treatment plan, it does not appear there is one.  If there is, it does not include a secure plan for caregiving.  Overall, it appears that Magda is getting what her family thinks she needs, no one has stopped to ask what she wants.  Another thought would be to put together a plan, that can be discussed with Magda, inviting her input.

*Finally, my family is Creole descent.  There has always been one alpha female Matriarch, that by long suffering, tried to do it all.  Failing that, she knew what everyone should do, where and how.  So it is this person that all the responsibility for care-giving fell upon. 

After seeing Helen’s role in the family, my whole life flashed before my eyes.  For a few years, everyone called me to ask for help.  (Translated, you need to do it.)  Fortunately, I’ve learned a new coping skill, Boundaries!

References

Crist, G. & Diwan S. (2008).  Chronic illness and aging:  The role of social work in managing chronic illness care.  Council on social work education.  Retrieved from http://www.cswe.org/getattachment/Centers-Initiatives/CSWE-Gero-Ed-Center/teaching-Tools/Gero-Comptencies/Practice-Guides/Assignments-Measurements/C1-Sec2-Role-SW.pdf.aspx

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., & Brocksen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014a). Sessions: case histories. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

Respond to two colleagues and explain how their assessments support the NASW Code of Ethics (2008). Include two values and/or guiding principles to support your explanation. Answer in APA format in a separate file or work a 3 page answer 2 for written answer and 1 for references a total of 3 pages with at least 2 citations per paragraph. . Each discussion needs a separate references Use the learning resources as references to support your answer and citations

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4. CHARLES CARTER

RE: Discussion 1 - Week 6

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Physical well-being and health

According to Magda’s physical well being she is not in good shape to fend for herself at all. Magda is a 81 year old woman, that has broken her hip. Since the breaking of her hip she has trouble physically completing day to day task.

Psychological well-being and mental health

Magda is also suffering from a common form of dementia. Dementia is not a specific disease. (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2016) It’s an overall term that describes a wide range of symptoms associated with a decline in memory or other thinking skills severe enough to reduce a person's ability to perform everyday activities. For, example she may trouble remembering how to move around the house.

Cognitive capacity

Magda also has limited cognitive capacity due to her dementia. She has to receive assistance from Helen to complete tasks, such as buying groceries, taking medicine, and keeping track of bills. (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2016)

Ability to perform basic activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living

Basically, Magda has limited ability to perform day to day activities.

Social Functioning

This is very much limited due to the fact she can not drive anymore.

Physical environment

At the moment the environment she lives in is ok, but could be possibly better if she was in a nursing home. In a nursing home she would be able to receive immediate care when needed.

Assessment of family caregivers

Magda is surrounded by family that loves and cares for her, it just other pressures of life is taking a toile on her family caregivers. (Plummer, Makris, & Brocksen, 2014)

Describe ways you would have included Magda in the original assessment and treatment plan. Include questions you would have asked Magda and her professional support system (doctors, nurses, etc.) to gain further insight into the situation.

Ways I would have included Magda in the original assessment and treatment plan, would be by asking members of the family how the feel about caring for Magda. Then I would ask Magda, does she feel that family is obligated to care for her, or would she ever consider a nursing home. Basically, let Magda make some of her own decisions before her dementia gets to bad.

References

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., Brocksen S. (Eds.). (2014). Sessions: Case histories. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

Zastrow, C. H., & Kirst-Ashman, K. K. (2016). Understanding human behavior and the social environment(10th ed.). Boston, MA:  Cengage Learning.

SOCW 61 response to students discussion #2

Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Christ, G., & Diwan, S. (2008). Chronic illness and aging: The role of social work in managing chronic illness care. Council on social work education . Retrieved from http://www.cswe.org/getattachment/Centers-Initiatives/CSWE-Gero-Ed-Center/Teaching-Tools/Gero-Competencies/Practice-Guides/Assignments-Measurments/CI-Sec2-Role-SW.pdf.aspx

Paveza, G. J. (2013). Assessment of the elderly. In M. J. Holosko, C. N. Dulmus, & K. M. Sowers (Eds.), Social work practice with individuals and families: Evidence-informed assessments and interventions (pp. 177–195). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., & Brocksen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014a). Sessions: case histories. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

· The Petrakis Family (pp. 20–22)

Required Media Required Media

Petrakis Family Episode 1 Program Transcript FEMALE SPEAKER: OK, Mrs. Petrakis, what I'd like to do is ask you a few questions just so I get a good understanding of what's going on. First, let's start with what brings you here today. HELEN PETRAKIS: [LAUGHS] What brings me here? Let's get down to business. I will tell you what's going on. My husband and I are Greek. Petrakis, big surprise, right? We're Greek Orthodox. You know what that means? It means tradition and family the old fashioned way. Nothing is more important than family, nothing. Young people today, they don't seem to care so much. For me, it's everything to my last breath. FEMALE SPEAKER: Yes, but-- HELEN PETRAKIS: So that means I take care of my family, not just my husband, my children, too. We have three. There's Alek, he's 27, and Dimitra, she's 23, and Athena, 18. They all live at home, and so I take care of all of them. A mother's work is never done. FEMALE SPEAKER: Mrs. Petrakis-- HELEN PETRAKIS: Oh no, no. Call me Helen, please. Let me finish. So is it all too much for me? Of course it is. I also work full time at the hospital, billing department. [LAUGHS] You have no idea how much that place overcharges. Let me tell you. Don't get sick at a hospital. They will bleed your money. Anyway, I'm already feeling overwhelmed, like a crazy person. Sometimes I find myself crying for no reason. And now my mother-in-law's got dementia and I'm running over to her place every chance I get to look after her, too. FEMALE SPEAKER: Wow. You certainly have your hands full. May I ask-- HELEN PETRAKIS: Magda. FEMALE SPEAKER: Excuse me? HELEN PETRAKIS: Oh, that's my mother-in-law's name. She's 81. But dementia is not the worst of it. She fell in her apartment and broke her hip, and how she can't go out. So I'm running over there every chance I get to make sure she has what she needs. And then last night, I had a thought. Alek, my 27-year-old. He's not working right now. What if he moved in with grandma and helped take care of her? That way, I ©2013 Laureate Education, Inc. 1 Petrakis Family Episode 1 can relax a bit, know she's OK, and not be going out of my mind every day like a crazy person. I mean, what do you think? Grandson gets to know his grandmother a little bit, gives his mom a break. It's a good solution, right? Right? FEMALE SPEAKER: Yes. Yes, it sounds real good. Petrakis Family Episode 1 Additional Content Attribution MUSIC: Music by Clean Cuts Original Art and Photography Provided By

SOCW 61 response to students discussion #2

Respond to at least two colleagues by suggesting alternative strategies.

Answer in APA format in a separate file or work a 3 page answer 2 for written answer and 1 for references a total of 3 pages with at least 2 citations per paragraph. . Each discussion needs a separate references Use the learning resources as references to support your answer and citations

5. cynthia cordon

RE: Discussion 2 - Week 6

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Why Elder Abuse is Everyone’s Problem, By Richard W. Besdine, M.D.

      The article “Why Elder Abuse is Everyone’s Problem” reports how under reported elder abuse is in the United States.  1 in 10 elderlies are abused every year physically, psychologically, sexual harm, neglect (self-neglect or by a caregiver) and financial exploitation (Besdine, 2015).  Financial abuse appears to be the most common abuse among the elderly.  The Federal Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, has called this “the signature crime of the 21st century; perpetrated by family, “friends,” caregivers and predatory outsiders, this problem is sufficiently complex and important that we need to take action to protect the elderly by breaking the silence (Besdine, 2015).   

                Elder abuse triples the risk of premature death, compared to a group of older adults with similar medical problems who do not experience abuse. Victims of elder abuse are also three times more likely to be admitted to the hospital and four times more likely to be admitted to a nursing home than their peers who are not abused (Besdine, 2015).

                Elder populations that are high risk for abuse include: socially isolated; people who need a lot of help with activities of daily living, such as bathing, dressing, or using the bathroom; people with disabilities; people who live with someone with mental illness or substance abuse issues; and people with mental impairments, dementia and cognitive problems.  Other issues of elder abuse exist in assisted living and nursing homes.

              The abusers consist of family members, specifically grown children or spouses.  There is no justification for this at all, but due to the demanding care one can become frustrated and act out against the elder.  Culture is another factor that was identified.  According to “XinQi Dong, MD, MPH, a former Beeson Scholar and authority on elder abuse, who conducted the PINE study, the largest epidemiological study ever conducted of the health and wellbeing of Chinese older adults living in Western countries; Chinese older adults have the highest suicide rate of any ethnic group in the United States (Besdine, 2015)”.  Another factor among the elderly in the Chinese communities was suicide, the elderly because of shame and stigma.

The article reinforces the importance of assessing potential abuse and neglect when working with the elderly by health professionals having conversations around this topics with our clients and educating ourselves on resources that can assist them.  More conversations with the elderly need to happen in the Doctor offices; studies were conducted and the Doctors 60% admitted they do not ask about elder abuse with their patients and only 2% of abuse is reported yearly to adult protective services because of physical injuries that can be identified as abuse.  The interviews in the medical office need to address the problem of elder abuse, most of the elderly are afraid to share, building a rapport can assist with the initial conversations in the office.

Prevention and/or intervention strategies discussed in the article were micro level would be working with the families and the client and educating them on elder abuse and providing numbers to report.  On a mezzo level “multidisciplinary centers, where teams including representatives from the justice and financial systems, as well as health care (nurses, physicians, psychologists, pharmacists, rehab therapists, social workers, clergy, health services administrators, community practitioners, dentists, and geriatric care managers) can work collaboratively to identify victims and meet their needs (Besdine, 2015).  Macro level would be to bring attention to the elder abuse on a county, state, federal level utilizing legislators to rally for funding to address the problem of elder abuse.

Reference

Besdine, M.D., R. (2015, May 16). Why Elder Abuse Is Everybody's Problem. In The Huffington Post. Retrieved October 3, 2017, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/richard-w-besdine-md/why-elder-abuse-is-everyones-problem_b_6878928.html

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Respond to at least two colleagues by suggesting alternative strategies.

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Summary of chosen Article

The article that I choose to discuss regarding elderly abuse is entitled “Elder Abuse in the United States”. This article was written by Catherine C. McNamee with Mary B. Murphy. This article talks about how and why there is a lack of knowledge of the acts of elderly abuse and the deaths that has come from elder abuse and neglect. This article specifies how vulnerable victims are and how these victims are more prone to abuse if they suffer from mental issues as well. Researchers have found that when elderly individuals have current psychological conditions, this places them at risk for abuse, particular sexual abuse (McNamee and Murphy, 2017). For this reason, majority of them require around the clock care such as a nursing home or personal care home.

Article reinforcement

This article reinforces the importance of assessing potential abuse and neglect when working with the elderly by focusing on reasons why this act takes place and how often this happens. This article discusses and provides information on professionals researching and finding factual information about this subject and is helping other professionals and social workers gain more knowledge on this issue and way to help address this issue. Within this article, there was a study completed with an individual who was a victim of elderly abuse and a professional who was the abuser. This information allows the readers to gain a real life experience and understanding as to how important this issue is and the fact that this abuse is happening more than it should.

Prevention/Intervention strategies

Intervention and preventions strategies discussed in this article include the following:

Micro level: Professionals working with the client and/or families to provide them with information about elder abuse and indicators to look out for.

Mezzo level: This article provided information on how social workers, doctors, therapists, and psychiatrists worked together to conduct research about this issue to work together to reach out to the victims, figure out who they are, and provide them with resources to help them improve their living environment.

Macro level: This level would include the professionals reaching out to local and state politicians/decision makers to request they assist with providing resources to help assist with this issue and be able to make decisions to help mitigate and completely destroy elderly abuse and neglect.  

McNamee, C. Catherine & Murphy, B. (2017). Elder Abuse in the United States. Retrieved from https://www.nij.gov/journals/255/pages/elder_abuse.aspx

Paveza, G. J. (2013). Assessment of the elderly. In M. J. Holosko, C. N. Dulmus, & K. M. Sowers (Eds.), Social work practice with individuals and families: Evidence-informed assessments and interventions (pp. 177–195). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley

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