1. Define the inflammatory mediators below. What does each chemical do to enhance the inflammatory response? What cell/tissue is responsible for secreting the compound? (2 points each)

Bradykinin

Prostaglandins

Leukotrienes

Histamine

Tumor Necrosis Factor *TNF alpha*

C-reactive protein

Nitric Oxide

2. What is the difference between acute and chronic inflammation? Define these terms and describe how the body changes when each is present. (4 points)

3. Defect in the complement cascade proteins are typically inherited genetic disorders that manifest in the patient as immunodeficiencies. What symptoms may a person display if they have a complement disorder? You should pick a specific disorder to reference in your answer. (4 points)

4. There are 4 types of allergic (hypersensitivity) reactions. Describe the 4 categories and how the immune system response is altered in each. (2 points each)

Type I

Type II

Type III

Type IV

5. What is the mechanism of action for aspirin and ibuprofen to reduce the fever response? (4 points)

Aspirin

Ibuprofen

6. Describe how a B-cell activates and participates in the third line of defense. Include in your description plasma and memory cells, as well as how antibodies work to facilitate destruction of foreign materials or pathogens. (5 points)

7. Compare and contrast the role of Helper and Cytotoxic T-cells. Be sure to explain what they do in the 3rd line to clear infection from the body. Why are they sometimes referred to as CD4 and CD8 cells? (5 points)

Helper T Cytotoxic T

8. Recently, Regulatory T-cells have been identified as changing behavior when cancer is present. How would changes in regulatory cell behavior lead to cancer progression? (4 points)

9. Describe what happens to the T-cell population if a person is infected with the AIDs virus? (2 points)