INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER LITERACY 2

BUSINESS LAW I SAMPLE PAPER 5

Business Law I Sample APA Formatted Paper

A. Student

BUS-311: Business Law I

Instructor Sgarlatti

June 19, 2018

Running head: BUSINESS LAW I SAMPLE PAPER 1

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER LITERACY 1

Business Law I Sample APA Formatted Paper

All papers start with a cover or title page on page one, and contain the information shown, in that order. Note the header contains the word, “Running head: ” with a small “h” and an abbreviated title in ALL CAPS left justified, with the page number right justified. The running head contains up to 50 characters and includes letters, punctuation, and spaces between words, with the page number on the same line and right justified (American Psychological Association [APA], 2010). The words, “Running head: “ is only on page one, but the abbreviated title is still in ALL CAPS on subsequent pages. Above the first paragraph, at the top of page two, is the repeated and centered title, like above your name. The first paragraph contains a thesis or topic statement that usually starts with an introduction of what your paper is about and ends with what you will talk about in your paper, like the following sentence: This paper will discuss some features of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Sixth Edition.

The thesis, or topic sentence tells your reader what you’re going to tell them, the body of your paper then tells them, and your conclusion tells them what you told them.

Everything is double spaced and written in Times New Roman 12 point normal font including the header, body, and reference page. Note the margins are one inch all the way around – top, bottom, left, and right. Every paragraph starts with a 1/2 inch indent, and there is a double space after punctuation, but I’ll also allow a single space.

Whenever you are asked to answer specific questions, you can make the questions stand out by making them first level headings by centering and making them bold lettering.

Centered and bold first level heading

And the answer follows in the paragraph after the question in the same format as the rest of the paper. I may choose to include a citation from the text like the next sentence: According to Rogers (2012), “Contracts are the basic building blocks of business relationships” (ch. 4.5). You can also make your quote first, and then leave the citation afterwards as follows: “Contracts are the basic building blocks of business relationships” (Rogers, 2012, ch. 4.5). Note that the period follows the right parenthesis, and there is no period before the left parenthesis, or inside the right quote. Quoted material must have a way to look up the quote, either chapter.section number as with our Constellation ebook, page number if a text or journal article, or paragraph number if a web page. Paraphrased material only requires the author and year without any section, page, or paragraph number. Every citation must have a reference, and every reference must have at least one citation.

Once you’ve expanded on the thesis or topic sentence in the body of the paper, it is time to make a conclusion which is the last paragraph of your paper before the reference page. The conclusion summarizes what your paper was about.

The reference page in the final page of your paper and starts with the heading “References” centered, and at the top of the page. It is upper and lower case, not underlined or bold, and without a colon at the end. All of the references are listed in alphabetical order, still double spaced, but left justified with a 1/2 inch “hanging” indent. A single reference has the heading singular without the “s” as “Reference”. Note below in the references that the title of our text is in italics and only the first word is capitalized, or proper nouns, or after a colon. Also, “[w]rite out the names of associations, corporations, and university presses, but omit superfluous terms such as Publishers, Co., and Inc., which are not required to identify the publisher” (APA, 2010, p. 187).

I hope this short sample paper is useful in getting you on your way to writing papers in APA format. We’ve discussed the cover or title page, font type and size used, setting up a proper header, the three basic parts of a paper, two different ways to format quoted material, and explained references. Whenever you have questions about APA, the Writing Center from the left of the classroom will have the answers. Also be sure to view the tutorials from the Ashford Library, likewise from the left of the classroom.

This layout was created using APA writing software supplied by perrla.com.

References

American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

Rogers, S. (2012). Essentials of business law [Electronic version]. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/

Assignment Sheet

Week 4

Social Change

1. Several key individuals and ideas that have shaped the philosophy of social change. The first of these is Mahatma Gandhi. According to Kapadia, Gandhi believed that ideas and ideals had no value if they were not translated into action. Gandhi talked frequently about social change and service to others: The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others. Implementing positive social change can be a difficult process. Gandhi was asked why people should not just achieve their goals by any means necessary. He believed that the means are connected to the end. Gandhi wrote: every problem lends itself to solution if we are determined to make the law of truth and nonviolence the law of life. According to Pal, Gandhi influenced many important social change movements and leaders. Some leaders who have acknowledged his influence are: Dr. Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela, the Dalai Lama, Aung San Suu Kyi and Rigoberta Menchu.

2. Another world leader who spent most of his life fighting for social change was Nelson Mandela. As described in information related to a Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) Frontline special on Mandela, not everyone is able to see the results of their hard-fought efforts in their lifetimes. Sometimes, they can only lay the groundwork for the next generation. Mandela was able to lead and experience this transformation in South Africa which brought an end to apartheid and now has a constitution that guarantees the rights of all people. According to Mendoza Mandela believed in the importance of changing yourself first and said, one of the most difficult things is not to change society -- but to change yourself.

3. In our country, Dr. King embraced the tenets of non-violence in his leadership within the civil rights movement and enduring philosophy for bringing about social change. He wrote about his those who inspired his philosophy of nonviolent social change and Gandhi was a significant influence. According to Pal, King took a month-long trip to India in 1959 in order to visit the country of his inspiration. The King Center is dedicated to preserving his legacy and provide ongoing support for social change. Based on Dr. King's teachings, The King Center published, Six Steps of Nonviolent Social Change. These six steps are: information gathering, education, personal commitment, negotiation, direct action, and reconciliation.

4. Social change is a founding value and educational goal at Walden University as expressed in the Mission and Vision statements, and incorporated in every course curriculum. The Walden Vision statement reads as follows: Walden University envisions a distinctively different 21st-century learning community where knowledge is judged worthy to the degree that it can be applied by its graduates to the immediate solutions of critical societal challenges, thereby advancing the greater global good. While bringing about social change on either a micro or macro level can be daunting, Mandela was quoted as saying: It always seems impossible until it's done. The teachings of Gandhi, Mandela, King and many others continue to influence new generations of scholars and social change practitioners.

References for Paragraph 1

Author: A. Pal Date: Jan 24, 2008. Title of article: 60 years after death, Gandhi is Making world a better Place. Published in: The Progressive. Website:http://www.progressive.org/mag_wxap012408

Mahatma Gandhi. 1961. Book title: Non-violent Resistance. City: New York Publisher: Schocken Books.

S. Kapadia, Published: November 29, 1995. Article title: A Tribute to Mahatma Gandhi: His Views on Women and Social Change. Published in: Journal of South Asia Women Studies, Vol. 1, Issue 1. Website:http://asiatica.org/jsaws/

Thinkexist. No date. Mahatma Gandhi quotes. Website:

http://thinkexist.com/quotation/the_best_way_to_find_yourself_is_to_lose_yourself/148517.html

References for Paragraph 2

Frontline. Date: May 25, 1999). Title: The Long walk of Nelson Mandela: Viewers' and Teachers' Guide. Website: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/mandela/teach/

Author: Dorris Mendoza Date: December 16, 2013. Article Title: 9 simple ways to keep Nelson Mandela's Legacy alive. Website: http://www.cnn.com/2013/12/16/living/keeping-mandelas-legacy-alive/

References for Paragraph 3

Author: A. Pal Date: Jan 24, 2008. Title of article: 60 years after death, Gandhi is Making world a better Place. Published in: The Progressive. Website:http://www.progressive.org/mag_wxap012408

The King Center. No date. Title: Six steps of nonviolent Social Change. website: http://www.thekingcenter.org/king-philosophy

References for Paragraph 4

Thinkexist. No date. Nelson Mandela Quotes. Website:

http://thinkexist.com/quotes/Nelson_Mandela/

Walden University (2013). Mission and Vision.

http://www.waldenu.edu/about/social-change/mission-and-vision

© 2016 Laureate Education, Inc. Page 2 of 2

You are the manager of Acme Fireworks, a fireworks retailer who sells fireworks, puts on ground display fireworks, and large aerial display fireworks. The company started in the owner’s garage two years ago and now has 15 employees that you manage. The company started as a sole proprietorship, and the owner has never changed the entity. The owner has informed you that the company has received inquiries from several large businesses wondering if the company could create several fireworks displays on a regular basis. The owner told the inquirers that the company could fill such display orders, and a price per display was agreed upon. It was discussed that most of the cost for a fireworks display is for skilled labor, insurance, and the actual service of setting off the fireworks. No other details were discussed. The owner is anticipating that new employees will need to be hired, but he is worried that if the large orders for fireworks displays do not continue, the company will not have the funds to pay the new employees. The owner is now considering changing the business entity, but he does not know what entity to form or how to form it.

The owner has asked you to do the following:

· Determine if the contracts with the businesses will be governed by common law or the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), and explain why.

· Analyze whether the owner formed a contract with the businesses, and apply the five essential elements of an enforceable contract.

· Explain the potential personal liability to Acme Fireworks if a spectator is injured by a stray firework from a fireworks display.

· Discuss the different employment types and relationships relevant to agency law, and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each type specific to Acme Fireworks.

· Explain why Acme Fireworks should not operate as a sole proprietorship. Recommend a new business entity, and provide rationale to support your recommendation.

For each task, be sure to analyze the relevant law, apply the facts to the law, and make a conclusion.

The paper

· Must be 8 to 10 double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..

· Must include a separate title page with the following:

· Title of paper

· Student’s name

· Course name and number

· Instructor’s name

· Date submitted

· Must begin with an introductory paragraph that has a succinct thesis statement.

· Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought. That is, describe what your response is to the content, either positive or negative, and defend your position. If multiple options, alternatives, and/or positions are present and are being rejected, you must also defend the reasons for rejecting an option.

· Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.

· Must include at least five scholarly sources, two of which must be from the Ashford University Library, in addition to the course text.

· Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

· Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..

Carefully review the Grading Rubric (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your activity.

TEXT BOOK RESOURSE:

Rogers, S. (2012). Essentials of Business Law [Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/

Running head: CONTRACTS, AGENCY LAW AND LIABILITIES 1

Contracts, Agency Law and Liabilities Outline

Oscar Vasquezmolina

Course: BUS 311 Business Law I

Instructor: Sgarlatti

Date: 11 March 2019

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1

1. Your paragraph spacing

“after” is set at 10 pt. instead

of zero, making the spacing

after a paragraph (new line)

noticeably larger than a

double space. This would

be a global (Ctrl-a)

paragraph format change.

[Anthony Sgarlatti]

CONTRACTS, AGENCY LAW AND LIABILITIES 2

I. Introduction

Adequate research has to be conducted by the entrepreneurs to make sure that their

business ventures will be a success. Such can be seen when considering Acme Fireworks

which has been provided in the scenario, a sole proprietor business, which focuses on

delivering products, that is, the fireworks, to its customers. There are various business

activities which can also be found in the scenario. One example as presented in the case study

will focus on contracts which will be made between Acme Fireworks and some of the

inquirers. Other aspects evident in the case study provided will focus on the Law of Agency,

different forms of business and liabilities.

(a) Thesis Statement

The growth of the business that is, Acme Fireworks, will help with the establishment

of some factors which will focus on the regulation of contracts, whether the owner of the

business will be liable for any injury incurred and the employment of employees who will

serve as agents to the business.

II. Body Paragraph 1- Topic Sentence

The relevance of common law will highly focus on the contractual transactions which

will revolve around intangible assets whereas the significance of the Uniform Commercial

Code will focus more so on transactions which will feature tangible objects such as goods as

portrayed in the scenario.

(a) Supporting Evidence

There is a lack of uniformity when considering common law since a good number of

individuals will fail to follow the applicable laws when making contracts, and this has further

- 2 -

1

2

3

1. The title of your paper

must be repeated and

centered at the top of your

second page (the first body

page). [Anthony Sgarlatti]

2. fireworks,

and displays [Anthony

Sgarlatti]

3. Uniform Commercial

Code

The UCC applies to the sale

of good and securities,

whereas the common law of

contracts generally applies

to contracts for services, real

estate, insurance, intangible

assets and employment. If

the contract is both for the

sale of goods and for

services, the dominant

element in the contract

controls.

Firework displays are a

service. [Anthony Sgarlatti]

CONTRACTS, AGENCY LAW AND LIABILITIES 3

heightened the significance of employing the Uniform Commercial Code to meet the needs of

a business (Jennings, 2014, p. 370).

(b) Explanation

The court rulings will focus on common law and whether the contract should be

considered enforceable, void, valid or voidable. However, the UCC will have a significant

impact on the determination of the decisions because of the existing uniformity absent in

common law.

(c) So What?

Court rulings will heavily lean on the Uniform Commercial Code because of its

uniformity when deciding cases which involve a breach of a contract.

III. Body Paragraph 2- Topic Sentence

There are five essential elements which will lead to the establishment of an

enforceable contract.

(a) Supporting Evidence

Acme Fireworks has managed to enter into an enforceable contract which will focus

on the offer which was made by him to the inquirers and was accepted, the consideration or

the money which would be paid as per the display agreed up by the parties involved as well

as the other two essential elements (Monahan, 2001).

(b) Explanation

The five essential elements of an enforceable contract which consist of an offer,

consideration, acceptance, capacity and legality have been met as provided in the case study.

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[no notes on this page]

CONTRACTS, AGENCY LAW AND LIABILITIES 4

(c) So What?

Contracts will help protect the business from liabilities and will prevent the other

party from reneging or revoking the agreement without a just cause.

IV. Body Paragraph 3- Topic Sentence

A sole proprietor business will highly be disadvantageous since the sole proprietor

will personally be liable for any damage or injuries which will be incurred by another person

as a result of negligence or recklessness.

(a) Supporting Evidence

The first element which leads to the determination of whether an individual will be

liable or not will be negligence as established in this particular mantra, "Let us dare do our

duty as we understand it" (Emily 2008, p. 12-13).

(b) Explanation

The determination of whether Acme Fireworks will be liable for an injury incurred by

an individual during the displays will highly revolve around negligence as the essential

element in the Law of Torts.

(c) So What?

Fireworks, as well as their displays, will be considered hazardous. Hence, necessary

steps have to be taken to avoid any liabilities except for injuries which will not be

foreseeable.

- 4 -

1

1. liable

Creating new fireworks

displays will increase liability

in the event that a bystander

is injured. Fireworks displays

can be classified as an ultra-

hazardous activity. Ultra-

hazardous activities are

anything that can be

considered extremely

dangerous. This means that

even if Acme takes the

appropriate safety

precautions and a bystander

is injured as a result of the

operation, Acme is still liable

for damages. However, if the

bystander is injured due to

their own negligence, the

liability is shared among the

bystander and Acme.

[Anthony Sgarlatti]

CONTRACTS, AGENCY LAW AND LIABILITIES 5

V. Body Paragraph 4- Topic Sentence

There are various types of employment which exist in the world and which will focus

on full-time employees and independent employees who will not be considered as employees

in the workplace.

(a) Supporting Evidence

As established in this particular book, the relationship which will exist between the

principal and the agent will focus on authority which will be consensual (Bennett, 2014).

(b) Explanation

The agent will be representing the principal during the business transactions. Hence,

the authority which will exist between the two parties will have to be consensual.

(c) So What?

Reasonable diligence will have to be taken by the agent since his actions during

business or when handling a third party may or may not result in liabilities.

VI. Body Paragraph 5– Topic Sentence

A sole proprietorship will have its merits and demerits which may or may not impact

the growth and the expansion of Acme Fireworks in the future.

(a) Supporting Evidence

A limited liability company will highly be beneficial since a company which often

handles hazardous items will not attract any liabilities which will be incurred by the

individual or one of the owners of the company. Hence, the assets belonging to the owner

will be protected (Shenkman, Weiner, & Taback, 2003, p. 235).

- 5 -

1

2

1. Be sure to include how

many and of what type will

be hired for the new

business. [Anthony

Sgarlatti]

2. sole proprietorship

unlimited personal liability

and hard to obtain outside

funding. [Anthony Sgarlatti]

CONTRACTS, AGENCY LAW AND LIABILITIES 6

(b) Explanation

This form of business will offer liability protection to the owners of the company if an

injury has occurred during the display of the fireworks.

(c) So What?

Limited Liability Company will have more merits when compared to sole

proprietorship which will highly be beneficial when considering the expansion of the

business to feature new employees, agents and independent contractors.

VII. Conclusion: Rephrased Thesis Statement

The expansion of the organization will require the owner to take drastic steps which

will make sure that he has fully complied with the regulatory laws which govern contracts,

the Law of Agency as well as the Tort Law. This will help the organization to avoid liabilities

for injuries incurred by another individual. The change from a sole proprietorship to a limited

liability company will highly beneficial to the owner of Acme Fireworks.

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[no notes on this page]

CONTRACTS, AGENCY LAW AND LIABILITIES 7

References

Bennett, H. (2014). Principles of the Law of Agency. Bloomsbury Publishing.

Emily Lynch Morissette. (2008). Personal injury and the law of torts for paralegals. Aspen

Publishers Online. 12-13

Jennings, M. M. (2014). Business: Its legal, ethical, and global environment. Nelson

Education, 370.

Monahan, G. (2001). Essential contract law. Routledge-Cavendish.

Shenkman, M. M., Weiner, S., & Taback, I. (2003). Starting a limited liability company. John

Wiley & Sons. 235

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1

2

1. References

Only the first word in

reference titles should be

capitalized unless proper

nouns or after a colon – see

the sample paper made for

this class as an attachment

inside the Announcement,

“Walk-through of our next 5

weeks together” plus the

Writing Center. [Anthony

Sgarlatti]

2. 12-13

Page numbers belong in the

citation, not reference.

[Anthony Sgarlatti]

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