Chicagos_Notes_and_BibliographyFormatting_and_Style_GuideWelcome

Chicago’s Notes and Bibliography
Formatting and Style Guide

Welcome to “Chicago’s Notes and Bibliography Formatting and Style Guide.” This PowerPoint presentation is designed to introduce your students to the basics of Chicago’s notes and bibliography formatting and style. You might want to supplement the presentation with more detailed information posted on Purdue OWL http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/01/.

What is Chicago?

The University of Chicago’s The Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition, is a reference book that covers the publishing process, style and usage, and two systems of documentation: notes and bibliography and author-date references. It is geared toward publishing professionals and is the source of documentation guidelines in this presentation. Kate L. Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, seventh edition, presents Chicago style for students and researchers. It is the source of formatting guidelines in this presentation. Though the two texts mirror one another in the majority of their recommendations, Turabian’s text provides more specific standards for students that would otherwise be regulated by individual journals in the field.

What does Chicago regulate?

Chicago regulates:

Stylistics and document format
In-text citations (notes)
End-of-text citations (bibliography)

This slide presents three basic areas regulated by Chicago that students need to be aware of—stylistics and document format, in-text citations (notes), and end-of-text citations (bibliography). The following slides provide detailed explanations regarding each area.

Significant Changes
15th → 16th ed.

Already familiar with the 15th ed. Chicago Manual of Style? Visit http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/ about16_rules.html to review a list of significant changes affecting
Titles that end in question marks or exclamation marks
Dividing URLs over a line
Names like iPod
Titles with quotations
Punctuation of foreign languages in an English context
Capitalization of “web” and “Internet”
Access dates
Classical references
Legal and public document references

This “Chicago’s Notes and Bibliography Formatting and Style Guide” PowerPoint presentation reflects the most recent guidelines available in the 16th ed. Chicago Manual of Style; however, if you are already familiar with The Chicago Manual of Style in its 15th ed. and/or if desire information about updates to style and formatting guidelines not explicitly covered here, you can find more information at http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/about16_rules.html.

Overarching Rules

“Your instructor, department, or university may have guidelines that differ from the advice offered here. If so, those guidelines take precedence” (Turabian 2007, 374).

“Regardless of the convention being followed, the primary criterion of any source citation is sufficient information either to lead readers directly to the sources consulted or, . . . to positively identify the sources used . . . ” (The University of Chicago 2010, 655).

“Ethics, copyright laws, and courtesy to readers require authors to identify the sources of direct quotation or paraphrases and of any facts or opinions not generally known or easily checked” (The University of Chicago 2010, 655). In other words, regulation of stylistics and document format, in-text citations, and end-of-text citations is important for avoiding plagiarism, building author credibility, and facilitating scholastic discourse, not necessarily in that order. Consistency and readability are of upmost importance in this regard.

Many instructors who require their students to use Chicago formatting and citation style, however, have small exceptions to different Chicago rules the same way that journals in the field may bend some of the more formal formatting and style regulations to better suit their needs. These instructor or journal-specific guidelines should always supersede the more general recommendations of the manuals.

Chicago Style: Quotations

Direct quotations should be integrated into your text in a grammatically correct way.

Square brackets add clarifying words, phrases, or punctuation to direct quotations, when necessary.

“Ellipses,” or three spaced periods, indicate the omission of words from a quoted passage.
Include additional punctuation when applicable.

The first word in a direct quotation should be capitalized if it begins a sentence, even if it was not capitalized in the original quotation (and vice versa). This can be done “silently” (without demarcation) if it does not affect the meaning of the quoted material; otherwise, indicate the change by placing square brackets around the newly capitalized or lowercased letter.

Use square brackets and ellipses carefully as borrowed material should always reflect the meaning of the original source; therefore, before altering a direct quotation, ask yourself if you might just as easily paraphrase or weave one or more shorter quotations into the text.

Quotations, con’t

“Sic” is italicized and put in square brackets immediately after a word that is misspelled or otherwise wrongly used in an original quotation.

Italic type can be used for emphasis, but should only be used so infrequently

Do not use ALL CAPS for emphasis.

When you use italics for emphasis within a quotation, you have to let the reader know the italics were not a part of the original quotation.

“Emphasis added,” “emphasis mine,” “italics added,” or “italics mine” are all acceptable.

“Sic” is usually only necessary when the mistake is more likely to be charged to the transcriptionist than to the author of the original quotation.

Phrases such as “emphasis added” should be placed either in a note or in parentheses following the quotation in the text itself.

Quotations, con’t

A colon (formal) or a comma (informal) can be used to introduce a direct quotation.
Quotations within quotations are enclosed in single quotation marks.
When the entire quotation is a quotation within a quotation, only one set of double quotation marks is necessary.
A title is treated with quotation marks or italics based on the type of work it is.
Book and periodical titles (titles of larger works) get italicized
Article, chapter, and shorter work titles get enclosed in double quotation marks.

Both in notes and in the bibliography, a title is treated with quotation marks or italics based on the type of work it is.

Chicago Style: Capitalization

Use headline-style capitalization for titles in the text, notes, and bibliography.
Capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle and all important words, including proper nouns.

Apply sentence-style capitalization by request.
Follow the guidelines above but exclude the important words that are not proper nouns.

Otherwise, take a minimalist approach to capitalization.
Lowercase terms used to describe periods, for example, except in the case of proper nouns (e.g., “the colonial period,” vs. “the Victorian era”).

Although Chicago takes a minimalist approach to capitalization (or what they call “down” style),The Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed.) dedicates an entire chapter to capitalization guidelines. To discover the various areas of capitalization that Chicago regulates, view the index to chapter 8, “Names and Terms,” at http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/16/ch08/ch08_toc.html.

General Format Requirements

print on standard-sized paper (8.5” x 11”),

use 1” – 1.5” margins on all sides,

choose a readable typeface (e.g., Times New Roman) at no less than 10 pt. (preferably, 12 pt.) ,

double-space text, with one space after punctuation between sentences, and

number pages beginning with Arabic numeral 1 on the first page of text.

Chicago recommends that you:

This slide presents the general format of a Chicago-styled paper:

The text should be typed and printed on standard-sized paper (8.5” x 11”) and should include consistent margins of no less than 1” and no greater than 1.5” on all sides. Chicago recommends a “readable” font, such as Times New Roman or Palatino, and prefers that works be written in 12 pt. (although they will accept 10 pt.). All text in the paper is to be double-spaced with the exception of the following items, which are to be single-spaced: block quotations, table titles and figure captions, footnotes or endnotes, and bibliography or reference list entries. Only one space should follow end-of-sentence punctuation. Page numbers should begin on the first page of text (not on the title page) and should be written in Arabic numerals beginning with “1.” Page numbers can be placed in one of three locations: flush right in the header, centered in the header, or centered in the footer. Note that formatting requirements for theses and dissertations, in particular, may vary.

Title Page

No page numbers on the title page!

Title is centered one-third of the way down the page and written in ALL CAPS.

Name + course + date follows several lines later, also centered.

This slide visually presents Chicago format for a title page, which consists of two major sections: title and author information.

Titles should be centered one-third of the way down the page and written in all capital letters. When subtitles apply, end the title line with a colon and follow with the subtitle on the subsequent line (also written in all capital letters). Several lines later, students should include their name, full course information, and a complete “month-day-year” date on separate, single-spaced lines. Instructors may require additional information, and it is also acceptable practice to place the title on the first page of text.

No headers or footers are included on the title page, including any page numbers. Page numbers begin with Arabic numeral 1 flush right in the header, centered in the header, or centered in the footer beginning with the first page of actual text.

Main Body (Text)

Number the first text page as page number 1.

Type all text double-spaced (no break between sections).

Identify the sources you use in the paper in footnotes and in the bibliography.

Format tables and figures.

This slide provides the basic reminders about formatting the main body text.

Double-space all text in the paper, with the following exceptions: Single-space block quotations as well as table titles and figure captions. Single-space notes and bibliographies internally, but leave an extra line space externally between note and bibliographic entries.

References Page

Center the title, “Bibliography,” at the top of the page. Do not bold, italicize or enclose in quotation marks.

Single-space reference entries internally. Double-space entries externally.

Flush left the first line of the entry and indent subsequent lines.

Order entries alphabetically by the authors’ last names.

Label the first page of your back matter, your comprehensive list of sources cited, “Bibliography.” Two blank lines should be left between “Bibliography” and your first entry. One blank line should be left between remaining entries, which should be listed in letter-by-letter alphabetical order according to the first word in each entry. Sources you consulted but did not directly cite may or may not be included (consult your instructor).

References: Basics

Notes-Bibliography Style

Used by those in the humanities and some social sciences.

Requires footnotes and/or endnotes to cite sources and/or provide relevant commentary in the text.

Include each source that shows up in the text as an entry on the references page at the end of the paper.

Chicago’s Notes and Bibliography style is recommended for those in the humanities and some social sciences. It requires using notes to cite sources and/or to provide relevant commentary. Each source that shows up in the text must have a corresponding entry in the references list at the end of the paper. Updates to Chicago are posted on the Chicago website http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html. You may also reference the Purdue OWL: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/01/.

References Basics, con’t

Invert authors’ names (last name first followed by first name: Agamben, Giorgio).

Alphabetize reference list entries by the last name of the first author of each work.

Use headline-style capitalization for titles.

Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals.

Put quotation marks around the titles of shorter works such as journal articles or essays in edited collections.

This slide provides basic rules related to creating references entries.

References Basics, con’t

Publishers’ names are generally written out in full but may be abbreviated.
Sources you consulted but did not directly cite may or may not be included (consult your instructor).
Some sources are traditionally left out of bibliographies, such as personal communications; however, it’s better to ask permission than forgiveness (consult your instructor).

Making the References List

Identify the type of source: Is it a book? A journal article? A webpage?

Find a sample of citing this type of source in the textbook or in the OWL Chicago Guide:
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/01/

“Mirror” the sample.

Make sure that the entries are listed in the alphabetical order and the subsequent lines are indented (Recall References: Basics).

Chicago is a complex system of citation. When compiling the reference list, the strategy below might be useful:

References: Multiple Authors

For multiple authors, use the conjunction “and,” not the ampersand: &.
For two to three authors or editors,
write out all names in the order they appear on the title page of the source in both your notes and bibliography.
For four to ten authors,
write out all names in the bibliography but use just the first author’s name and “et al.” in the notes.

References: One Author,
Multiple Entries

The 3-em dash (—) should be used to replace authors or editors’ names who hold multiple, successive entries in a bibliography.

References: Electronic Sources

For electronic journal articles and other web sources, DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers) are preferred to URLs (Uniform resource Locators).
If you must use a URL, look for the “stable” version assigned by the journal.
DOIs are to be prefaced with the letters “doi” and a colon.
While DOIs are assigned to journal articles in any medium, you only need include a DOI when you accessed the electronic version of the source.

An example of a bibliographic citation with a stable url is as follows:

Ede, Lisa and Andrea A. Lunsford. “Collaboration and Concepts of Authorship.” PMLA 116, no. 2 (March 2001): 354-69. http://www.jstor.org/stable/463522.

References: Dates

No access date is required to be reported for electronic sources.
They can’t be verified; therefore, only resort to using access dates when date of publication is unavailable.
If you cannot ascertain the publication date of a printed work, use the abbreviation “n.d.”

Notes-Bibliography Style:
In-text Basics

Each time a source is used in the text, it must be cited by note: footnote or endnote.
Footnotes appear at the foot (bottom) of the page and are preferred.
Endnotes appear at the end of the paper before the bibliography.
Endnotes become useful when footnotes become exorbitant.
A combination of footnotes and endnotes and even author-date style can be used:
Use footnotes for substantive commentary and cite sources with endnotes.
Use footnotes for substantive commentary and cite sources with author-date parenthetical style.

In-text Basics, con’t

Formatting notes

Place note numbers at the end of the clause or sentence to which they refer.
Place them after any and all punctuation except the dash.
Begin note numbers with “1” and follow consecutively throughout a given paper.
Superscript note numbers in the text. In the notes themselves, note numbers are full sized, not raised, and followed by a period.
Superscripting numbers in both places is also acceptable.

In-text Basics, con’t

The first line of a footnote is indented .5” from the left margin.
Subsequent lines within a note should be formatted flush left.
Leave an extra line space between notes.

In-text Citations: Books

A complete “note” citation for a book, which corresponds to a slightly differently formatted bibliography entry, would look like this:

1. Jodi Dean, Democracy and Other Neoliberal Fantasies: Communicative Capitalism and Left Politics (Durham: Duke University Press, 2009), 30.

Subsequent note citations can and should be shortened
“Shortening” usually comprises the author’s last name and a “keyword” version of the work’s title in four or fewer words.
Subsequent citations of Dean would be shortened to Dean, Democracy and Other Neoliberal Fantasies, 30.

The bibliographic citation for Dean’s work would look as follows:

Dean, Jodi. Democracy and Other Neoliberal Fantasies: Communicative Capitalism and Left Politics. Durham: Duke University Press, 2009.

For additional examples of note and bibliographic citations for a variety of media, please see http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/01/, especially the CMS NB Sample paper, http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/10/.

In-text Citations: Editors

When an editor’s or translator’s name appears in addition to an author’s, the former appears after the latter in notes and bibliography.

Bibliographic “Edited by” or “Translated by” should be shortened to “ed.” and “trans.” in notes.
Plural forms, such as “eds.,” are never used.

6. Immanuel Kant, “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?” in Perpetual Peace and Other Essays, trans. Ted Humphrey (1784; repr., Indianapolis: Hackett, 1983), 41.

The in-text note citation for Kant, here, is an example of a reprinted work. It’s complementary bibliographic entry would look as follows:

Kant, Immanuel. “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?” In Perpetual Peace and Other Essays, 41-48. Translated by Ted Humphrey. 1784. Reprint, Indianapolis: Hackett, 1983.

In-text Citations: Ibid.

“Ibid.” is an abbreviation meaning “in the same place.”
Use it when the present note repeats the information of the immediately preceding note.
For example, “Ibid., ##” indicates the same source but different page number(s).

Aside from “Ibid.,” Chicago style offers cross-referencing for multiple notes with repeated content (especially for longer, discursive notes).

Remember: a note number should never appear out of order.

Substantive Notes

When a note contains both source documentation and commentary, the latter should follow the former.
Citation and commentary are usually separated by a period, but such comments as “emphasis added” are usually enclosed in parentheses.
Discursive or “substantive” notes comment upon the text and need not necessarily include citations.

75. Lisa Ede and Andrea A. Lunsford, “Collaboration and Concepts of Authorship,” PMLA 116, no. 2 (March 2001): 354-69, http://www.jstor.org/stable/463522. Ede and Lunsford note that we all agree that writing is inherently social, yet we still rely on individualistic praxis; we still ascribe to pedagogies that encourage the independent author producing concrete (original, honest and “truthful”) works.

In-text Citations: Formatting Quotations

A prose quotation of five or more lines should be “blocked.”

The block quotation is singled-spaced and takes no quotation marks, but you should leave an extra line space immediately before and after. Indent the entire quotation .5” (the same as you would the start of a new paragraph).

Chicago Headings

Chicago has an optional system of five heading levels.

Chicago Headings
Level	Format
1	Centered, Boldface or Italic Type, Headline-style Capitalization
2	Centered, Regular Type, Headline-style Capitalization
3	Flush Left, Boldface or Italic Type, Headline-style Capitalization
4	Flush left, roman type, sentence-style capitalization
5	Run in at beginning of paragraph (no blank line after), boldface or italic type, sentence-style capitalization, terminal period.

Longer papers may require sections, or subheadings. Chicago allows you to devise your own format but privileges consistency. Put an extra line space before and after subheads and avoid ending them with periods.

Chicago Headings:
An Example

Here is an example of the five-level heading system:

Tables and Figures

Position tables and figures after the paragraph in which they’re described.

Cite the source of table and figure information with a “source line” at the bottom of the table or figure.

Source lines are introduced by the word Source(s), followed by a colon, and end with a period.

Cite a source as you would for parenthetical citation, minus the parentheses, and include full information in an entry on your References page.

Acknowledge reproduced or adapted sources appropriately (i.e., data adapted from; map by . . . )

If the table does not fit the remainder of a page, continue the text on that page and place the table at the beginning of the next page. If they table is only “marginally relevant” or too large to fit on a single page, append it.

In bibliography style, table and figure source work can be cited as a full note. In this case, unless the source is used elsewhere, an additional entry need not be added to the Bibliography.

If your work is to be published, you may need to obtain formal permission to reproduce tables and figures that are protected by copyright. Consult chapter 4 of the 16th ed. Chicago Manual of Style.

Tables and Figures, con’t

Every table should have a number and (a short and descriptive) title.

Flush left on the line above the table.

Table 1. Title without a terminal period

Every figure should have a number and a caption.

Flush left on the line below the figure.

Figure 2. Caption with or without a terminal period.

Number tables and figures separately, in the order you mention them in the text.

In the text, identify tables and figures by number (“in figure 3”) rather than by location (“below”).

When a figure has a source line, put it at the end of the caption.

For more information on formatting Chicago-style tables and figures, see chapter 26 of Kate L. Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (7th ed.).

Additional Chicago Resources

The Purdue OWL http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/01/.

Purdue Writing Lab @ HEAV 226

Composition textbooks

The University of Chicago Press’s The Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed.)

Kate L. Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (7th ed.).

Chicago’s website http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html

The End

Writer and Designer: Jessica Clements

Based on slide designs from the OWL “APA Formatting and Style Guide” PowerPoint by Jennifer Liethen Kunka, contributed to by Muriel Harris, Karen Bishop, Bryan Kopp, Matthew Mooney, David Neyhart, and Andrew Kunka and revised by Elizabeth Angeli (2011) and Elena Lawrick (2008).

Short Essay B

Assignment Instructions

Respond to the following short essay questions based on the course materials presented for weeks 5-8. You are to prepare and submit your assessment in a Microsoft word document and attach to the "Assignments". Use Times New Roman (Font 12) and two paragraphs for each of the 5 questions (two pages of content). Additionally, I want you to state each topic question followed by your response. Based on the assigned readings, your responses are to be in your own words with no copying except for minimal quotes that must be properly cited. What I am looking for here are your own thoughts and opinions that demonstrate your understanding of the topics and the course materials. Since, you will be using the assigned course materials to address the topic questions, you are not required to include a bibliography list. When you submit your midterm (word document) to the "Assignments" for grading it will automatically be submitted to Turnitin. This means your assessment will be reviewed for plagiarism and will generate a Turnitin report and similarity score for originality. To reiterate, I want you to share your own thoughts in your own words in completing this assignment.

If you have any questions or concerns with the assignment please contact me.

1) Please address the following as they pertain to Intellectual Property:

· What is Intellectual Property (IP) and how does counterfeit merchandise impact the U.S. economy?

· What safety and health concerns are posed by counterfeit products?

· How does IP theft pose an existential threat to national security?

2) Explain the purpose of and reasoning behind Executive Order 13,133. Specifically, what were the goals of the working group that was established by the Executive Order?

3) Explain the concept of "Smart Borders".

4) How has the SMART Port Security, the SAFE Port Act, and the Small Vessel Security Strategy impacted port security?

5) Compare and discuss the similarities and differences of the external borders of New Europe to that of the U.S. Mexico border.

Resources to Use:

Week 5:

Andreas, Peter. Border Games; Policing the U.S.-Mexico Divide, Second Edition. Cornell University Press, 2009: Chapter 5

TITLE 8. ALIENS AND NATIONALITY: CHAPTER 12--IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY Sec. 1324. United States Code.

/access/content/group/security-and-global-studies-common/Homeland%20Security/HLSS311/1324.pdf

_________________________

Week 6 :

Andreas, Peter. Border Games: Policing the U.S.-Mexico Divide, Second Edition. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2009. The Afterword (Back of your text) EO 13133. Working Group on Unlawful Conduct on the Internet. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2000-title3-vol1/pdf/CFR-2000-title3-vol1-eo13133.pdf Intellectual Property Rights Violations: A Report on Threats to United States Interests at Home and Abroad,National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center, November 2011 (accessed October 7, 2012). The Nature of the Threat - National Intellectual Property Rights

CBP. Gov. Intellectual Property Rights. Customs and Border Protection. http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/trade/priority_trade/ipr/

_________________________

Week 7:

Committee on Homeland Security. House Homeland Security Border and Maritime Security Subcommittee Passes SMART Port Security Legislation, March 27, 2012. http://homeland.house.gov/press-release/house-homeland-security-border-and-maritime-security-subcommittee-passes-smart-port

Public Law 109–347. The SAFE Port Act, 2006. October 13, 2006. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-109publ347/pdf/PLAW-109publ347.pdf Small Vessel Security Strategy. Department of Homeland Security, April 2008. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/small-vessel-security-strategy.pdf

GAO-08-86T. MARITIME SECURITY: The SAFE Port Act and Efforts to Secure Our Nation’s Seaports, October 4, 2007. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d0886t.pdf Small Vessel Security Implementation Plan Report to the Public. Department of Homeland Security,January 2011.

http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/dhs-uscg-small-vessel-security-strategy-report-to-public-012011.pdf

__________________________________________

Week 8

Andreas, Peter. Border Games: Policing the U.S.-Mexico Divide, Second Edition. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2009

Chapters 6 & 7

Turabian Quick Guide

Kate L. Turabian’s Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations presents two basic documentation systems, notes-bibliography style (or simply bibliography style) and parenthetical citations–reference list style (or reference list style). These styles are essentially the same as those presented in The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, with slight modifications for the needs of student writers.

In this class, we will use the reference list style (a parenthetical citation [P], followed by a reference list entry [R]).

Online sources that are analogous to print sources (such as articles published in online journals, magazines, or newspapers) should be cited similarly to their print counterparts but with the addition of a URL and an access date. For online or other electronic sources that do not have a direct print counterpart (such as an institutional Web site or a Weblog), give as much information as you can in addition to the URL and access date. The following examples include some of the most common types of electronic sources.

Note the titles are capitalized headline style

Book

One author

P: (Doniger 1999, 65)

R: Doniger, Wendy. 1999. Splitting the difference. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Two authors

P: (Cowlishaw and Dunbar 2000, 104–7)

R: Cowlishaw, Guy, and Robin Dunbar. 2000. Primate conservation biology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Four or more authors

P: (Laumann et al. 1994, 262)

R: Laumann, Edward O., John H. Gagnon, Robert T. Michael, and Stuart Michaels. 1994. The social organization of sexuality: Sexual practices in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Editor, translator, or compiler instead of author

P: (Lattimore 1951, 91–92)

R: Lattimore, Richmond, trans. 1951. The Iliad of Homer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Editor, translator, or compiler in addition to author

P: (Bonnefoy 1995, 22)

R: Bonnefoy, Yves. 1995. New and selected poems. Ed. John Naughton and Anthony Rudolf. Chicago: University of

Chicago Press.

Chapter or other part of a book

P: (Wiese 2006, 101–2)

R: Wiese, Andrew. 2006. “The house I live in”: Race, class, and African American suburban dreams in the postwar United States. In The new suburban history, ed. Kevin M. Kruse and Thomas J. Sugrue, 99–119. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Book published electronically

P: (Kurland and Lerner 1987)

R: Kurland, Philip B., and Ralph Lerner, eds. 1987. The founders’ Constitution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/ (accessed June 27, 2006).

Journal article

Article in a print journal

P: (Smith 1998, 639)

R: Smith, John Maynard. 1998. The origin of altruism. Nature 393: 639–40.

Article in an online journal

P: (Hlatky et al. 2002)

R: Hlatky, Mark A., Derek Boothroyd, Eric Vittinghoff, Penny Sharp, and Mary A. Whooley. 2002. Quality-of-life and depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women after receiving hormone therapy: Results from the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 287, no. 5 (February 6), http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v287n5/rfull/joc10108.html#aainfo (accessed January 7, 2004).

Newspaper article

P: (Niederkorn 2002)

R: Niederkorn, William S. 2002. A scholar recants on his “Shakespeare” discovery. New York Times, June 20, Arts section, Midwest edition.

Book review

P: (Gorman 2002, 16)

R: Gorman, James. 2002. Endangered species. Review of The last American man, by Elizabeth Gilbert. New York Times Book Review, June 2.

Web site

P: (Evanston Public Library Board of Trustees)

R: Evanston Public Library Board of Trustees. Evanston Public Library strategic plan, 2000–2010: A decade of outreach. Evanston Public Library. http://www.epl.org/library/strategic-plan-00.html (accessed June 1, 2005).

Incorporating Quotations into Your Text

Quotations should be incorporated into sentences of your own. A common way to introduce a quotation is to use the author’s name, in some cases followed by the author’s qualifications (which tell the reader why we should care what the author has to say), accompanied by a verb like argues, claims, notes, etc.

Example: Campbell argues “the quotation goes here” (2010, 15).

Another oft used introductory phrase is “According to” followed by the author’s name.

Example: According to Stevens, “quotation goes here” (2006, 97).

If the quotation consists of four lines or less, integrate it into a sentence of your own and enclose the quotation in quotation marks. If it is five lines of text or longer, set it off as a block quotation, without quotation marks. For this class, do not use block quotations, only brief quotations.

The recommendations in this guide are based on the 7th edition (2007) of A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers by Kate L. Turabian. For more in-depth explanation of formatting and preparing a bibliography, please consult the 7th edition of the manual or the 15th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style (2003).

It is important to note that individual instructors may vary from these recommendations and it is always wise to consult with your instructor before formatting and submitting your work. The following formatting guidelines are intended for course papers only. If you are writing a thesis or dis- sertation please follow the formatting guidelines set up by your department or University or consult the 7th edition (2007) of A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers. The following examples follow the notes-bibliography style of citation, which is widely used in the humanities and social sciences. If you are not certain which style to use, consult your instructor.

Numbers in parentheses, i.e. (375) indicate the page number of the 7th edition (2007) of A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers by Kate L. Turabian.

General notes about this guide

7th Edition Quick Reference Guide

Chicago / Turabian Style

Margins: At least 1 inch all around each page (374).

Typeface: Use a readable typeface such as Times Roman or Palatino and be consistent throughout the entire document. Use at least 10 or 12 point font (374).

Spacing: Double-space all text except the following, which should be single-spaced:

• Title page • Block quotations • Table titles and figure captions • Footnotes or endnotes • Bibliographies or reference lists

Use only one space after each terminal punctuation mark (375).

Title Page

• Course papers should begin with a title page. The title page is the only front matter needed for a course paper.

• Do NOT put a page number on the title page.

Page numbers: Page numbers can be placed in any of the following locations: centered in the footer, centered in the header, or flush right in the header. Choose one of these locations and be consistent (376).

General Formatting Comments

Turabian

7th FORMATTING

EXAM PLE

In Text

EXAM PLE

In Text

• Whenever you directly cite or paraphrase anyone else’s words or thoughts, you must include a citation of the work.

• If the quotation is four lines or fewer, the quotation should run into your text and be enclosed by quotation marks.

• Indicate that you are citing a source by placing a superscript number at the end of the sentence.

According to Gunther Barth in Bitter Strength: A History of the Chinese in the United

States, 1850-1870, “The term coolie which originally designated any hired laborer,

porter, or carrier came to describe one pressed into service by coercion.” 1

• If the quotation is five lines or longer, set the quotation off as a block quotation, without quotation marks.

• The block quotation should be single spaced, leaving a blank line before and after.

• Indent the entire quotation as far as you indent the first line of the paragraph.

The Chinese immigrant as sojourner is the model set up by Gunther Barth in Bitter

Strength: A History of the Chinese in the United States, 1850-1870. Barth states:

In the 1850’s and 1860’s a tidal wave of Chinese surged into California in pursuit of a dream. The newcomers came with a vision; they would make money to return to China with their savings for a life of ease, surrounded and honored by the families which their toil had sustained. Their goal kept the Chinese apart from the flood of other immigrants who came to America as permanent residents.2

In the mode of the sojourner, many of the Chinese men who came to the United States to find work left their families in China.

Quotations (347-358)

Block Quotations (348-350)

Turabian

7th FORMATTING

EXAM PLE

In Text

EXAM PLE

Note

• If you omit a word, phrase, or sentence, use ellipsis dots, or three periods with spaces between them.

• Leave a space between the last quoted word and the first ellipsis dot and a space after the last ellipsis dot and the next word.

According to Gunther Barth, “The term coolie … came to describe one pressed into

service by coercion.” 3

• Each time you paraphrase or cite a source directly, you must include either:

• a citation for that source in a correspondingly numbered footnote at the bottom of the page

• a list of endnotes at the end of your paper.

• Notes are indented like all other paragraphs in the body of the paper.

• Begin each note with its reference number, preferably not as a subscript but as regular text.

• Put a period and a space between the number and the text of the note.

• Footnotes and endnotes are single spaced with one blank line between notes.

1. Estelle Lau, Paper Families: Identity, Immigration Administration, and Chinese Exclusion (Durham: Duke University Press, 2006), 20.

Omissions (355)

Footnotes and Endnotes (141-142 and 151-154)

Turabian

7th FORMATTING

• In addition to the footnote or endnote for each source, you also list all of your sources at the end of the paper in the bibliography.

• The form of citations in your bibliography differs from the footnote or endnote form.

• Label the first page Bibliography at the top of the page, do not repeat the title on subsequent pages.

• Leave two blank lines between the title and the first item listed and one blank line between items.

• Bibliographic entries use hanging indentation.

• Arrange the list alphabetically by the last name of the author or editor.

EXAM PLE

Note

• If you cite the same source twice, shorten the note.

2. Lau, 25.

Bibliography (147-150 and 404)

Footnotes and Endnotes (141-142 and 151-154)

Turabian

7th FORMATTING

EXAM PLE

Note

EXAM PLE

Note

EXAM PLE

Bibliography

EXAM PLE

Bibliography

1. First name Last name, Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication), page number.

Last name, First name. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.

1. Gunther Barth, Bitter Strength: A History of the Chinese in the United States, 1850-1870 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964), 51.

Barth, Gunther. Bitter Strength: A History of the Chinese in the United States, 1850- 1870. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964.

The following are examples of citations in notes-bibliography style. This is not an exhaustive list. For further examples please consult the Turabian Manual.

Book Citation - General Format

Book by One Author (162)

Turabian

7th CITATION - Books

EXAM PLE

Note

EXAM PLE

Note

EXAM PLE

Bibliography

EXAM PLE

Bibliography

2. Deborah Howe, James Howe, and Alan Daniel, Bunnicula: A Rabbit Tale of Mystery (New York: Anthem, 1979), 5.

Howe, Deborah, James Howe, and Alan Daniel. Bunnicula: A Rabbit Tale of Mystery. New York: Anthem, 1979.

3. Andrew Gagliano et al., How to Build an Elevator (Chicago: Construction Press, 2009), 58.

Gagliano, Andrew, Ann Zielke, Emily Wagner, and Danielle Kerr. How to Build an Elevator. Chicago: Construction Press, 2009.

• With four or more authors list only the first author’s name followed by et al. in the note.

• Include all of the authors in the bibliographic entry, no matter how many, do not use et al.

Book by Two or More Authors (163)

Book by Four or More Authors (163)

Turabian

7th CITATION - Books

EXAM PLE

Note

EXAM PLE

Note

EXAM PLE

Bibliography

EXAM PLE

Bibliography

4. Chuck Green, ed., Green Gross (New York: Color Press, 2006), 40.

5. Charles Rover, trans., Orange Shoes (New York: Color Press, 2003), 33.

Green, Chuck, ed. Green Gross. New York: Color Press, 2006.

Rover, Charles, trans. Orange Shoes. New York: Color Press, 2003.

6. Ann Zielke, “Different People,” in Surviving the College Experience, ed. Thomas Smith (New York: College Press, 1999), 56.

Zielke, Ann. “Different People.” In Surviving the College Experience, edited by Thomas Smith, 54-78. New York: College Press, 1999.

Editor or Translator in Place of an Author (164)

Chapter or Other Part of a Book (178)

Turabian

7th CITATION - Books

EXAM PLE

Note

EXAM PLE

Note

EXAM PLE

Bibliography

EXAM PLE

Bibliography

7. Gina Sevick, foreword to Surviving the College Experience, by Margaret Wagner (New York: College Press, 1999), xxi.

Sevick, Gina. Forward to Surviving the College Experience, by Margaret Wagner, xx- xxii. New York: College Press, 1999.

8. Basic History of Immigration (San Francisco: Migration Press, 2009), 24.

Basic History of Immigration. San Francisco: Migration Press, 2009.

Preface, Foreward, or Introduction (178)

An Anonymous Book (165)

Turabian

7th CITATION - Books

EXAM PLE

Note

EXAM PLE

Note

EXAM PLE

Bibliography

EXAM PLE

Bibliography

9. Grace Gato, How to Tie Your Shoes, 3rd ed. (Chicago: Footwear Press, 2005), 70.

Gato, Grace. How to Tie Your Shoes. 3rd ed. Chicago: Footwear Press, 2005.

10. Sylvia Caballero, “How to Teach First Graders” (master’s thesis, University of Wisconsin, 2004), 68.

11. Sylvia Caballero, “How to Teach First Graders” (PhD diss., University of Wisconsin, 2004), 58.

Caballero, Sylvia. “How to Teach First Graders.” Master’s thesis, University of Wisconsin, 2004.

Caballero, Sylvia. “How to Teach First Graders.” PhD diss., University of Wisconsin, 2004.

Edition Other than the First (171)

Unpublished Thesis or Dissertation (194)

Turabian

7th CITATION - Books

EXAM PLE

Note

EXAM PLE

Note

EXAM PLE

Bibliography

EXAM PLE

Bibliography

1. First name Last name, “Title of Article,” Title of Journal Volume number (Year): page number.

First name Last name, “Title of Article.” Title of Journal Volume number (Year): inclusive page numbers.

2. Brice Crate, “Queer Theory in English Literature,” Queer Theory Quarterly 16 (June 2008): 238.

3. Sarah Wagner, “Why Kids Can’t Learn,” Education in Wisconsin Quarterly 56, no. 3 (1999): 205.

Crate, Brice. “Queer Theory in English Literature.” Queer Theory Quarterly 16 (June 2008): 230-260.

Wagner, Sarah. “Why Kids Can’t Learn.” Education in Wisconsin Quarterly 56, no. 3 (1999): 200-215.

Print Periodical - General Format

An Article in a Print Journal (181-185)

Turabian

7th CITATION - Print Periodicals

EXAM PLE

Note

EXAM PLE

Note

EXAM PLE

Bibliography

4. Chris Craven, “Vampires, Vampires, Vampires,” Vampire Magazine, January 24, 2003, 24.

Craven, Chris. “Vampires, Vampires, Vampires.” Vampire Magazine, January 24, 2003.

• In most cases, you only need to cite articles from newspapers in notes. You only need to include newspaper articles that are critical to your argument or are frequently cited in your bibliography.

Kevin Trost, “Creating Something Out of Nothing,” New York Times, July 16, 2008.

An Article in a Popular Magazine (185-186)

An Article in a Newspaper (186-187)

Turabian

7th CITATION - Print Periodicals

EXAM PLE

Note

EXAM PLE

Note

EXAM PLE

Bibliography

EXAM PLE

Bibliography

1. Gunther Barth, Bitter Strength: A History of the Chinese in the United States, 1850-1870 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964), NetLibrary e-book.

Barth, Gunter. Bitter Strength: A History of the Chinese in the United States, 1850- 1870. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964. NetLibrary e-book.

2. Brice Crate, “Queer Theory in English Literature,” Queer Theory Quarterly 16 (June 2008): 238, http://jstor.org/038493484% (accessed July 14, 2009).

• Follow the guidelines for a print journal article and include the URL and access date.

Crate, Brice. “Queer Theory in English Literature.” Queer Theory Quarterly 16 (June 2008): 230-260. http://jstor.org/038493484% (accessed July 14, 2009).

E-book (181)

An Article from an Online Database (185)

Turabian

7th CITATION - Electronic Resources

EXAM PLE

Note

EXAM PLE

Bibliography

• Include as much of the following information as you can: author, title of page, title or owner of site, URL, and access date.

3. Craig Marks, “How to Build Paper Airplanes,” Paper Airplanes, http://www. paperairplanes.com/learningtools (accessed June 1, 2006).

Marks, Craig. “How to Build Paper Airplanes.” Paper Airplanes. http://paperairplanes.com/learningtools (accessed June 1, 2006).

Website (198)

Turabian

7th CITATION - Electronic Resources

CHINESE IMMIGRATION TO AMERICA: A STUDY OF 19TH CENTURY AMERICAN NATIVISM

Betty Smith Seminar in American History 101

November 5, 2010

!NOTEPage NumbersDo NOT put a page number on the title page.Title FormatPosition a third of the way down the page All Caps - centered

Main title on a single line followed by a colon

Subtitle below main title

Author Format Position several lines below title

Included Information - Your Name - Course Title - Date - Any information requested by your instructor

• Course papers should begin with a title page.

• The title page is the only front matter needed for a course paper.

Example Title Page (386)

Turabian

7th EXAMPLES

Between the 1840’s and 1880’s nearly 370,000 Chinese immigrated to the United States. 1

The overwhelming majority of these new immigrants were male. One explanation for the

predominance of chinese males immigration is the representation of the male Chinese

immigrants as sojourners. The Chinese immigrant as sojourner is the model set up by

Gunther Barth in Bitter Strength: A History of the Chinese in the United States, 1850-1870.

Barth states:

In the mode of the sojourner, many of the Chinese men who came to the United States to

find work left their families in China. Some Chinese immigrants also found their way to the

U.S. not through emigration by choice by by being forced into the slave labor trade or

“coolie” trade. According to Barth, “the term coolie which originally designated any hired

laborer, porter, or carrier came to describe one pressed into service by coercian.”3 Hundreds of

thousands of Chinese made their way to the U.S. in the 19th century through a broker, contract,

force, or indentured agreement. As the Chinese population grew in the United States through

the latter half of the 19th century so did the nativist reaction to these new immigrants. According

to John Higham, “Racial nativism...what may be called the Anglo-Saxon tradition characterized

the in-group directly, the alien forces only by implication.4

1. Estelle Lau, Paper families: Identiy, Immigration Administration, and Chinese Exclusion (Durham: Duke University Press, 2006), 20.

2. Gunther Barth, Bitter Strength: A History of the Chinese in the United States, 1850-1870 (Cambridge:Harvard University Press, 1964), 51.

3. Barth, 51.

4. John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925 (New York: Anthem, 1970), 9.

!NOTEFont & Spacing10 or 12 Point FontReadable Typeface- Times New Roman - Palatino

! NOTE Page Numbers

May be placed: Centered in Footer Centered in Header Flush Right in Header

CHOOSE ONE AND BE CONSISTENT

Block Quotation

Quotation

Omission

Footnotes

Paraphrase

Margins One inch margins

all around.

Example Page (347-358) and (142)

Turabian

7th EXAMPLES

1. Estelle Lau, Paper families: Identiy, Immigration Administration, and Chinese Exclusion (Durham: Duke University Press, 2006), 20.

2. Gunther Barth, Bitter Strength: A History of the Chinese in the United States, 1850-1870 (Cambridge:Harvard University Press, 1964), 51.

3. Barth, 51.

4. John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925 (New York: Anthem, 1970), 9.

Notes

3!NOTEA paper should includeFootnotesEndnotes.OR Example Notes Page

Turabian

7th EXAMPLES

Lau, Estelle. Paper families: Identiy, Immigration Administration, and Chinese Exclusion. Durham: Duke University Press, 2006.

Barth, Gunther. Bitter Strength: A History of the Chinese in the United States, 1850-1870. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964.

Higham, John. Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925. New York: Anthem, 1970.

Bibliography

4!NOTEA paper should includea bibliography. Example Bibliography

Turabian

7th EXAMPLES

anonymous author, 9 articles, periodical

citation format, 11 magazine, 12 newspaper, 12 online database, 13 print journal, 11

authors books

editor, 8 multiple authors, 7 single author, 6 two authors, 7

periodical articles, 11

bibliography format, 5 formatting example, 18

block quotations, 3 books

authors anonymous, 9 multiple authors, 7 single author, 6 two authors , 7 chapter or part of, 8 citation format, 6

dissertations and theses, 10 double-spacing, 2

e-book, 13 edited book

article or chapter in, 8 editor or translator, 8

editions, 10 electronic resources

online database article, 13 websites, 14

endnotes, 4-5

footnotes, 4-5 foreword, 9

introductions, 9

magazine articles, (see articles, periodical) margins, formatting, 2 media

websites, 14

notes, 17

omissions, 4

page numbers, 2 paper formatting, 2-5, 16 papers, unpublished, 10 periodicals, electronic (see articles, periodical) preface, 9

quotations, 3

research papers, page example, 16

scholarly journal articles, (see articles, periodical) spacing, 2

text formatting , 2 theses and dissertations, 10 title page layout, 2, 15 translator, 8 typeface, 2

websites, 14

Turabian

7th INDEX

General notes about this guide
FORMATTING

General Formatting Comments

Margins, Typeface, Spacing, Page Numbers, Title Page

Quotations
Block Quotations
Omissions
Footnotes and Endnotes
Bibliography

CITATION - Books

Book Citation - General Format
Book by One Author
Book by Two or More Authors
Book by Four or More Authors
Editor or Translator
Chapter or Other Part of a Book
Preface, Foreward, Introduction
Anonymous Book
Edition Other than the First
Unpublished Thesis or Dissertation

CITATION - Print Periodicals

Print Periodical - General Format
Article in a Print Journal
Article in a Popular Magazine
Article in a Newspaper

CITATION - Electronic Resources

E-book
Article from an Online Database
Website

EXAMPLES

Title Page
Example Page
Notes Page
Bibliography

INDEX

Research Paper Topic: Technology in the Maritime Transportation System

You are to prepare your paper in a word document (Times New Roman, Font 12) using Turabian style format, 7th edition ("Turabian 7th edition quick guide attached). Pay close attention to the samples for proper citing of bibliography references and footnotes. Your research paper should be 10-12 pages of content excluding your title page and bibliography page. A minimum of 10 outside references required. Additionally, you are to include a Title page, Bibliography page, and Footnotes included in your body of work. I am looking for originality so use your own words in writing about your research topic including your thoughts on the subject.

All Papers will be submitted into TurnitIn and checked strictly for plagiarism. No amount of copying is acceptable (allowance for references, footnotes, and quotes) and your quotes must not be more than 10% of your content.

Turabian Format: Turabian, Kate L. A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. 7th ed. Revised by Wayne C. Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams, and University of Chicago Press Editorial Staff. Chicago: University Press, 2007.

Turabian power point and quick reference guide is attached.

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Turabian Quick Guide

Book

One author

Two authors

Four or more authors

Editor, translator, or compiler instead of author

Editor, translator, or compiler in addition to author

Chapter or other part of a book

Book published electronically

Journal article

Article in a print journal

Article in an online journal

Newspaper article

Web site

Incorporating Quotations into Your Text

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