Institutional_Review_Board

Institutional Review Board Application FOR HUMAN SUBJECTS Research

The University of Phoenix Institutional Review Board (IRB XE "IRB" ) exists to ensure university compliance with federal regulations regarding research involving human subjects. This application is used to facilitate and document this compliance review. Research projects which meet the federal definition for research and the federal definition of human subjects must be approved by the University of Phoenix IRB before any data collection begins. If an IRB application is approved by the IRB and, later, the nature of the research design, requirements, or site locations change, a revised application describing these changes must be submitted for reconsideration and approval by the IRB. This application is intended as a stand alone document, so reference to other documents or appendices of dissertation proposals or other research studies does not substitute for direct provision of that information as part of this application, either as a response within a section or as an addendum. This application pertains to both pilot studies and full studies. Please note that it is the researcher’s responsibility to give complete and accurate information about the nature of the proposed study, particularly in terms of the effects on, and expectations for, subject participants. Please note that you must document currency in CITI certification as part of this application.

Name of Researcher(s)	City, State, and Country / School or College and University	Affiliation (student, faculty, or staff and id)	Type of Research *(research study, funded research, or other)**
	[city/state] [college] University of Phoenix	IRN: LEAVE THIS BLANK
* If research is funded, please complete the following agency information. Otherwise, leave blank.
agency submitted to	submission date	location of project
	/ /
1. Title of the Research Study/Dissertation: 2. Classification of the Study: a) Will primary data collection from human subjects be done in this study? ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Yes, original data only is collected from human subjects and no archival data will be used. ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Yes, both original data from human subjects and archival data will be collected and used. ( FORMCHECKBOX ) No, only archival data will be used. b) Are the research study results generalizable or relevant to a larger population or only relevant to one organization or entity? ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Results are generalizable to a larger population. ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Results are relevant only to one organization or entity.
3. Purpose and Anticipated Study Goal(s) and Benefits: Briefly describe the following: *The purpose of the study:* *The anticipated study goal(s):* *The benefits of the study to the subjects, to the organization, and to society:*
3.1 Data Usage and Ownership: If your research involves access to, and/or use of, a pre-existing private or restricted database (one that is not open access/publically available), please briefly describe the type of data in the database, the organization or individual owner or controller of the data, how the data will be accessed and how data confidentiality will be ensured. *a) Does this research study involve access to, or use of public, open access databases or* *datasets, resources, recruitment lists, contact information for potential subjects or any other pre-* *existing public data? (Note that “open access” means free and available to the general public without* *restriction or prior permission needed.)* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) No ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Yes (Please describe here) *b) Does this research study involve access to, or use of private databases or datasets, private resources or* *recruitment lists, contact information for potential subjects or any other pre-existing private data?* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) No ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Yes (Please describe here and document permission granted for access and use) *c) During data collection or subject recruitment, will access be needed to any health information created,* *received or archived by health care providers, clearinghouses, or health care plans that pertains to the* *past, present or future health conditions or provision of health care to an individual living or deceased?* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Yes ( FORMCHECKBOX ) No ( FORMCHECKBOX ) HIPAA compliance (if health records are used, please discuss here and address HIPAA compliance) *d) Will school or student related data be collected in this study?* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Yes, individual student data ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Yes, aggregate student data ( FORMCHECKBOX ) No ( FORMCHECKBOX ) FERPA compliance (if student data is used, please explain here and address FERPA compliance)
4. Project Description: Briefly explain and address the following questions as indicated: *a) Who are the subjects of this study and where are they located? (for example, lawyers in private practice in the State of Ohio)* b) What are the subjects expected to do as participants in this study and what is the time commitment involved? Please explain. If class time is used, please describe the activities planned for non-participants. c) Will a pilot study be conducted before the primary data collection occurs? ( FORMCHECKBOX ) No ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Yes *d) What is the research method and design? Check all that apply:* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) quantitative analysis ( FORMCHECKBOX ) qualitative analysis ( FORMCHECKBOX ) mixed methods ( FORMCHECKBOX ) phenomenological ( FORMCHECKBOX ) case study ( FORMCHECKBOX ) experimental ( FORMCHECKBOX ) quasi experimental ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Delphi ( FORMCHECKBOX ) other (specify) ___________________________________________ *e) How will data be collected? Check any that apply:* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) face to face interview ( FORMCHECKBOX ) focus group ( FORMCHECKBOX ) online survey ( FORMCHECKBOX ) mail survey ( FORMCHECKBOX ) telephone survey ( FORMCHECKBOX ) onsite survey ( FORMCHECKBOX ) email survey ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Skype or related technology ( FORMCHECKBOX ) other (specify) ____________________________ *f) Where will data collection occur? Check any that apply and specify the location(s) below.* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) organizational site ( FORMCHECKBOX ) online ( FORMCHECKBOX ) private premises ( FORMCHECKBOX ) public facility ( FORMCHECKBOX ) open access site ( FORMCHECKBOX ) other ( FORMCHECKBOX ) not applicable *Location __________________________________________* *g) What is the degree or magnitude of risk/stress (physical, psychological, emotional, legal, financial) to the* *human subjects because of their participation in this study?* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) minimal risk/stress, not greater than encountered in ordinary daily life/activities or routine tests. ( FORMCHECKBOX ) greater than minimal risk/stress with potential for direct benefit to the individual subjects ( FORMCHECKBOX ) greater than minimal risk/stress with little/no potential direct benefit to individual subjects *h) If greater than minimal risk/stress to the human subject is possible, please explain how the risk/stress will be mitigated or lessened.* *i) Are any third parties assisting with this study that will have access to the data?* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) No ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Yes (specify) ______________________________________ *j) Will any aspect of the study take place outside of the United States?* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) No ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Yes (specify where) _______________________________________ Note that IRB approval may be needed in the country where research is taking place. *PLEASE PROVIDE HERE (OR AS AN ADDENDUM TO THIS APPLICATION) ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION* *OR EXPLANATION THAT YOU THINK MAY BE HELPFUL TO THE IRB REGARDING YOUR RESEARCH STUDY* *DESIGN OR IMPLEMENTATION.*
5. Subject Groups: Will the subjects recruited to participate in this study include any that are in protected groups identified below as specified within the federal human subject guidelines? (The guidelines are defined at www.citiprogram.org) If any category from this list is checked “yes”, please explain in the “Comments” area below how the subjects will be protected from harm, risk, or stress as a study participant and how stress/risk will be mitigated or lessened.
a. Children/minors under age 18?		Yes ( FORMCHECKBOX )	No ( FORMCHECKBOX )
b. Prisoners?		Yes ( FORMCHECKBOX )	No ( FORMCHECKBOX )
c. Pregnant women?		Yes ( FORMCHECKBOX )	No ( FORMCHECKBOX )
d. Cognitively impaired or mentally disabled?		Yes ( FORMCHECKBOX )	No ( FORMCHECKBOX )
e. Educationally or economically disadvantaged?		Yes ( FORMCHECKBOX )	No ( FORMCHECKBOX )
Will the subjects be traumatized, comatose, or terminally ill patients?		Yes ( FORMCHECKBOX )	No ( FORMCHECKBOX )
Will the subjects be elderly or aged persons?		Yes ( FORMCHECKBOX )	No ( FORMCHECKBOX )
Will the subjects be minorities (including women)?		Yes ( FORMCHECKBOX )	No ( FORMCHECKBOX )
Will information be withheld from subjects prior to, or during, participation?		Yes ( FORMCHECKBOX )	No ( FORMCHECKBOX )
Will the subjects be college students?		Yes ( FORMCHECKBOX )	No ( FORMCHECKBOX )
Will the subjects be deceived, misled, or coerced in any way?		Yes ( FORMCHECKBOX )	No ( FORMCHECKBOX )
Will/might the subjects be students of the University of Phoenix?		Yes ( FORMCHECKBOX )	No ( FORMCHECKBOX )
Will/might the subjects be faculty or staff of the University of Phoenix?		Yes ( FORMCHECKBOX )	No ( FORMCHECKBOX )
Will information be requested that is, or may be, personal or sensitive?		Yes ( FORMCHECKBOX )	No ( FORMCHECKBOX )
If the subjects are active duty military, will their supervisors have influence on their participation in this research or will participation be affected at all by the reporting relationship(s)?		Yes ( FORMCHECKBOX )	No ( FORMCHECKBOX )
Will any aspect of this study involve subjects from countries outside of the U.S.? If yes, please specify in the comments section below.		Yes ( FORMCHECKBOX )	No ( FORMCHECKBOX )
Comments:
6. Subject Recruitment and Selection: Briefly explain and address the following: *a) Which of the following will be used to find and recruit subjects? (check all that apply and include copies with* *this application)* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Flyers ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Email Announcement ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Events, Meetings, Conferences ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Area Canvassing ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Phone Solicitation ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Registry ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Newspaper/Radio/Television ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Referrals from Others ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Institutional “gatekeepers” ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Direct Mail ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Face to Face Interaction ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Internet/Websites ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Bulletin Board Post ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Social Media (e.g. LinkedIn, Facebook, etc.) (please specify ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Poster below; documented use permission is required) ( FORMCHECKBOX ) PhoenixConnect (please note if this is used, separate prior approval through the UOPX Committee on Research must be documented) *( FORMCHECKBOX ) Other (please specify)____________________________________________* *EXPLAIN AND DESCRIBE HERE IF SOCIAL MEDIA WILL BE USED ____________________________________* *b) What is the anticipated sample size?* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) 10 or less ( FORMCHECKBOX ) 11-20 ( FORMCHECKBOX ) 21-50 ( FORMCHECKBOX ) 51-99 ( FORMCHECKBOX ) 100-199 ( FORMCHECKBOX ) 200 or more *c) Will any external parties (such as editors, translators, interpreters, statisticians, etc.) provide assistance for* *recruitment purposes? (This does not pertain to persons who assist recruitment by “snowball sampling”.)* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) No ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Yes (please identify and explain how they will assist) _____________________________ *d) Are any of the research subjects students, employees, or patients of the researcher?* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Yes ( FORMCHECKBOX ) No *e) If any potential subjects under the age of 18 years are not selected to participate in this study, what activities* *will they be doing during the time the subjects are participating in the study so that they do not feel excluded* *or left out? If this scenario does not pertain to the study, please indicate “Not applicable” here.* *f) Please briefly describe the criteria that will be used to determine the inclusion or exclusion of subjects for* *this study.* *g) Will any compensation or remuneration be given to subjects for their participation in this study?* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) No ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Yes (please identify amount and type, and the plan for dissemination. PLEASE PROVIDE HERE (OR AS AN ADDENDUM TO THIS APPLICATION) ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION OR EXPLANATION CONCERNING THE ABOVE QUESTIONS THAT YOU THINK MAY BE HELPFUL TO THE IRB REGARDING THE RECRUITMENT OF SUBJECTS FOR YOUR RESEARCH STUDY.
7. Informed Consent: Briefly explain and address the following questions. *a) How will subjects be informed of the study’s purpose, procedures, intent, duration of the study and any* *potential risks or discomforts to them? Check all that apply:* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Informed Consent form ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Email ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Letter ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Meeting ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Phone Call ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Other _______ *b) How will subjects be informed of withdrawal procedures? Check all that apply:* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Informed Consent form ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Email ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Letter ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Meeting ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Phone Call ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Other _______ *c) How will the researcher contact information be provided to the subjects? Check all that apply:* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Informed Consent form ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Email ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Letter ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Meeting ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Phone Call ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Other _______ *d) How will subjects withdraw from the study as participants after data collection is completed?* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Email the researcher ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Phone call to researcher ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Submit withdrawal form ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Other (please specify) ___________________________________________________________ *e) Please explain what subjects must do to withdraw from the study after data is collected and how subject data* *will be retrieved and handled to ensure security and confidentiality.* *f) If any subjects are under the age of 18 years, parental consent is required. What provision is made to* *answer any questions the parents have about this study or to address any individual concerns? (For example,* *will there be an informational meeting with the parents, etc.?) If this scenario does not apply to this study,* *please indicate “Not applicable” here.* *PLEASE PROVIDE HERE (OR AS AN ADDENDUM TO THIS APPLICATION) ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION* *OR EXPLANATION THAT YOU THINK MAY BE HELPFUL TO THE IRB REGARDING ANY OF THE ABOVE* *QUESTIONS OR ABOUT THE INFORMED CONSENT FOR YOUR RESEARCH STUDY.* PLEASE READ AND CONFIRM THROUGH CHECK MARKING THE BOXES BELOW: FORMCHECKBOX I attest that no primary data collection from human subjects will occur without a prior signed Informed Consent form completed for each subject and that Informed Consent documentation will be retained separately from study data. FORMCHECKBOX I attest that a process for subject withdrawal will be implemented whereby subjects may withdraw without penalty before, during and after data collection has been completed and submitted and that the information they provided will be identified, secured, withdrawn and kept confidential.
8. Confidentiality and Privacy: Briefly explain and address how the identity and privacy of the individual subjects will be protected. Check any of the following that apply: *a) How will subject identity and data be protected?* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Subject names will not be used or identified ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Pseudonyms or numbers will be used instead of subject names ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Data will be coded alphanumerically ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Other (please specify) ________________________________________________ *b) Will any audio and/or video tape or other recording of data be done in this study?* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Yes ( FORMCHECKBOX ) No *c) How long will the study data be kept after study completion?* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Three years (please note this is the minimum required retention time) ( FORMCHECKBOX ) More than three years *d) Where will the data be stored:* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) In an office or other location at the researcher’s residence ( FORMCHECKBOX ) At an office at the researcher’s place of employment ( FORMCHECKBOX ) At a third party facility (please specify) ________________________________ ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Other (please specify) ______________________________________________ *e) How will data be destroyed at the appropriate time?* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Shredding ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Burning or incineration ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Smashing ( FORMCHECKBOX ) File Deletion ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Other (please specify) ______________________________________________ *f) How will the results of this study be disseminated?* ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Publication ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Presentation ( FORMCHECKBOX ) Other _____________________________ PLEASE PROVIDE HERE (OR AS AN ADDENDUM TO THIS APPLICATION) ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION OR EXPLANATION CONCERNING THE ABOVE THAT YOU THINK MAY BE HELPFUL TO THE IRB REGARDING CONFIDENTIALITY AND PRIVACY CONCERNS ASSOCIATED WITH YOUR RESEARCH STUDY. PLEASE READ AND CONFIRM THROUGH CHECK MARKING THE BOX BELOW: FORMCHECKBOX I attest that the data from this research will be kept in a secured location for at least three years following study completion, and then will be permanently destroyed.

PAGE

Current version 032012 1

Best Approach to Treating Cocaine Addiction

Team A

Psychology 335

Running head: BEST APPROACH TO TREATING COCAINE ADDICTION

BEST APPROACH TO TREATING COCAINE ADDICTION

Professor

Best Approach to Treating Cocaine Addiction

The current research that Rawson et al. (2002) notes that methadone treatment is deemed the best treatment for cocaine addiction Methadone is a synthetic agent that occupies the receptors in the brain that have previously been occupied by cocaine in order to relieve euphoria, intoxication and withdrawal symptoms. The real issues arise from the length of methadone treatment. Even though, research shows that, no ill effects occur from continual use. However, the Center for Disease Control (2002) shows that most patients under methadone abandon the treatment before a year is complete; the clinic sometimes encourages the patients to leave or the patients fail to comply with the program. A more apparent reason is that taking methadone becomes difficult and unpleasant for most patients. In effect, most methadone patients relapse and start using cocaine again. In this light, the question of which treatment approach is best for treating cocaine addicts still remain. Other drug addiction treatments, such as CBT (Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy) and CM (Contingency Management) show promise in helping dissuade patients from using, even after the initial drug treatment is stopped. In this light, there is legitimacy in the potential to create an effective cocaine treatment by drawing from the use of CBT and CM after the initial treatment of methadone maintenance.

Research Question

What is the best approach to treating cocaine addiction?

Hypothesis

People taken off methadone maintenance treatment who continue their other treatments (CBT and CM) will have greater success at beating their addiction than people who continue with methadone maintenance treatment.

Sampling Method

According to the American Gastroenterological Association (2015), during patient sampling, the sample surveyed must represent the patient population under study. In this case, the first approach to sampling patients is identifying the patient characteristics. In this research, the patients under the study will be separated into two groups. One group of patients will have continued their initial methadone treatment (1 year) and been placed under CBT and CM. The other group will be comprised of patients who are continuing with methadone as a standalone treatment after one year. Information regarding such patients will be collected from three major hospitals dealing with cocaine addicts. Once a list of patients from the two groups is formed and their consent to participate in the research obtained, random sampling of each group of patients will take place. Random sampling is ideal because it ensures that variations between the selected sample and actual population are by chance, not selection bias. Stratified random sampling will be specifically used where potential patients are divided into the two groups and then select patients randomly from each sample.

Using the Survey Systems, an online calculator that determines the sample size, this research will recruit 384 participants. This is based on a confidence level of 95%, confidence interval of + or -5%, the national population of cocaine addicts (not users), which is roughly 1,000,000. Hence, more potential participants from both groups should be obtained to allow random selection of 192 participants per group (American Gastroenterological Association, 2015).

Statistics Employed

The research study will employ both inferential and descriptive statistics. According to Banyard, and Grayson (2007), descriptive statistics tend to quantitatively describe significant features of information or data obtained in the research. This simply means that descriptive statistics summarizes the data collected in a research into more understandable language. In this case, using descriptive statistics in the form of tables or graphs would be of benefit in quantifying the data collected in a manner that researchers or those reading the research can understand. Inferential statistics will be critical because this study because with only a small portion of the population being under study, it would be difficult to derive any parameters that provide the characteristics of the entire population of cocaine addicts. In this light, inferential statistics will be critical in generalization or drawing conclusions that will be able to tell whether CBT and CM is likely to benefit cocaine addicts after their initial methadone treatment when compared to cocaine addicts who continue using methadone. The T-Test will be particularly helpful when it comes to examining the differences between patients using methadone and those using CBT and CM to draw the conclusions.

Definition of variables

As Hayes (2002) notes, the independent variable is the condition that a researcher systematically manipulates. In this case, the independent variable is the drug treatment. This means that CBT and CM, as well as, methadone are independent variables. The dependent variable refers to outcomes measured in the research, and which change when the dependent variables undergo experimental manipulation. In this case, each person’s response from the drug treatment offered is the dependent variable. The control variable in this case is ensuring that each patient had undergone the initial methadone treatment (1 year and not more or less) to avoid biasing the application of the two treatments (continuation of methadone, and CBT and CM). Getting the initial treatment will ensure that each cocaine addict has received the same level of treatment prior to introducing the other two treatments. This will ensure that the two treatments introduced (continuation of methadone, and CBT and CM) give results that can be distinguished from the results of the initial methadone treatment, thus able to examine the efficacy of each treatment.

Operationalizing the Variables

Operationalizing variable implies finding quantifiable, valid index and measurable index for the variables. The methadone treatment will be measured in terms of mg/day where the standard dose of 60-120 mg/day required by most patients will be administered to patients. CBT and CM will be measured in the context of sessions. Typically, considering that the group has undergone the first-line of treatment with methadone, 3-5 sessions per week will be sufficient to yield the therapeutic effect needed to dissuade patients from relapsing. Considerably, for the control variable to work, urinalysis has to be conducted to determine the cocaine content in each of the patients. This will reveal whether the patient has relapsed and used cocaine within the treatment period; those who have relapsed will not qualify for the research study. In the case of effect of both methadone treatment, as well as, the combination of CBT and CM, in the 60-day period of conducting the research, different measures will be applied to detect which is the most effective. The below scale will be issued to cocaine users, and they will be directed on how to use it (Markel, 2012).

	Symptom check	On Methadone (Tick if on methadone)	On CBT and CM (Tick if on CBT-CM)	Extend of symptom (rate from (1-5) 1-not available 2- slight 3-serious 4- severe-but containable 5-severe -uncontainable
1	Thoughts of going back to using cocaine
2	Irritability
3	Paranoia
4.	Anxiety
5.	Restlessness

This scale will measure whether the treatments have been effective in controlling cocaine addiction to the extent of reducing relapses. The T-test will further be used to compare the effectiveness of the two modes of treatment.

References

American Gastroenterological Association. (2015). A guide to patient sampling. Retrieved from https://www.gastro.org/practice/quality-initiatives/performance-measures/Instructions_for_Valid_Sample.pdf

Banyard, P., & Grayson, A. (2007). Introducing psychological research: Third edition. London. Palgrave Macmillan.

Center for Disease Control. (2002). Methadone maintenance treatment. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/idu/facts/MethadoneFin.pdf

Hayes, N. (2002). Doing psychological research: Gathering and analyzing data. New York, NY: Open University Press.

Markel, H. (2012). An Anatomy of Addiction: Sigmund Freud, William Halsted, and the Miracle Drug Cocaine. London: Vintage.

Rawson, R. A., Huber, A., McCann, M., Shoptaw, S., Farabee, D., Reiber, C., & Ling, W. (2002). A comparison of contingency management and cognitive-behavioral approaches during methadone maintenance treatment for cocaine dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 59(9), 817-824

Title

ABC/123 Version X

Proposal Worksheet

PSY/335 Version 1

University of Phoenix Material

Proposal Worksheet

Each team member will pick an article for this worksheet. Replicate these set of questions for each team member for this worksheet.

Team member name:

Citation of article: Rawson, R. A., Huber, A., McCann, M., Shoptaw, S., Farabee, D., Reiber, C., & Ling, W. (2002). A comparison of contingency management and cognitive-behavioral approaches during methadone maintenance treatment for cocaine dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry,59(9), 817-824

1. What is the author’s goal? Cocaine addiction is very complex to treat. The first line of treatment is normally methadone maintenance, which is not fully effective, as patients remain severely affected by cocaine use. For patients under methadone management, CBT and CM show promising results in reducing the use of cocaine and sustaining positive effects when patients are discharged. In this light, the goal of the authors is comparing the efficacy of CBT- cognitive-behavioral therapy and CM –contingency management when combined and when each is used independently in treating the dependence of cocaine in patients already under methadone maintenance. This also goes for examining if reductions achieved in using cocaine are sustained during follow-ups conducted after treatment is issued.

2. What questions remain unanswered? The study results show that in the first 16 weeks, patients under CM had significant improvement while those in CBT group showed no significant improvement compared to those placed under methadone maintenance only. However, after 26 weeks and during 52nd week follow-up, patient under CBT showed equivalent performance, as those under CM.

The unanswered question is what makes CBT group catch up with CM group response at 52 weeks while the group had already showed delay in achieving the response?

3. If I had to design an experiment to test this hypothesis, what would I do? In designing an experiment to test the two questions, I would present the hypotheses and make predictions on the expected outcome. It could be that CBT effectiveness starts taking place after 26 weeks or CM effectiveness slows down after 26 weeks to allow CBT catch up with it. I would then conduct an experimental procedure entailing a systematic way of experimenting science. This would entail selecting cocaine patients, as subjects randomly, dividing them into two and assigning each half to CBT and CM group. Observing patients in CBT and CM groups after 26 weeks keenly to see the changes that account for the increased CBT response. I would create schedules of observation, put controls and use a sample that yields statistical significance.

4. What are the independent, dependent, and control variables? In Rawson, Huber, McCann, Shoptaw, Farabee, Reiber and Ling (2002) the dependent variable include the metabolites of cocaine found in patients urine used to determine efficacy of CBT, CM and sustained cocaine reductions. The independent variables include CBT and CM, which the researchers introduce to patients under methadone management to see how they would response. The control variable is continuing methadone maintenance treatment in all patients.

After reviewing each team member’s submission, answer the following questions as a team:

1. What is your research question? What is the best approach to treating cocaine addiction?

2. What is your hypothesis? People taken off methadone treatment who continue their other treatments will have greater success at beating their addiction than people who continue with methadone.

blog1

Proposal Worksheet

Get help from top-rated tutors in any subject.