Digital divide

Erik Cartboy

GEN499: General Education Capstone

Joe Momma, PHD

23 OCT 2017

The digital divide is a term used to describe how individuals in certain demographic groups, such as racial minorities, rural communities, and individuals of lower socioeconomic status, are at a disadvantage due to unequal access to the Internet (Eastin). This digital divide exists between the educated and the uneducated, between generational differences, between economic classes, and, globally, between the more and less industrially developed nations. The digital divide can have serious consequences because of it’s ability to segregate a portion of the world’s population.

A study found that eight of ten Internet users looked online for various health-related data. These users where looking to understand medical conditions and treatments, access care providers and learn about insurance. With eight out-of-ten Internet users, or 59% of all U.S. adults, looking online for health information, this activity ranks as the third most popular online pursuit (Begany O, 2014). Many of the advanced countries are home to just 15% of the world’s population, but almost 50% of the world’s total Internet users. The top 20 countries in terms of Internet bandwidth are home to roughly 80% of all Internet users worldwide (Buchi L 2016). There are more Internet users in the US than on the entire African continent, and the divide is getting staggering.

Many investigations of the digital divide argue that Internet access is a valuable asset for users (DiMaggio J., 2001) in finding jobs, social support, or government information. That means those who have access will gain an advantage and continue to outpace those who do not. A study showed differences emerged as central in choices for technology use, including older adults finding both cell phones and Web sites less user-friendly than both middle aged adults and young adults. Specifically, the digital divide in technology “use is found between the oldest adults and the two younger groups”. The older generation didn’t have the internet through their education, so where never taught computer skills. Data suggest that “at least in metropolitan areas, the digital divide between the oldest adults and the rest of the population, rather than between the sexes”.

lower levels of depression, developing programs for technology mentoring in the community is suggested (Buchi, Just, & Latzer, 2016). Once people understand the things they can do with a computer for example, they’ll be more inclined to explore new technology. the millions living in poorer regions of the world, it is unlikely that the wave of technology will hit

Begany, G. (Oct/Nov 2014). Addressing eHealth Literacy and the Digital Divide: Access,Affordability and Awareness. Bulletin of the Association for Information Science & Technology, 41(1): 29-32. Buchi, M., Just, N., & Latzer, M. (2016). Modeling the second-level digital divide: A five-country study of social differences in internet use. New Media & Society Vol 18(11), pp. 2703-2722. Dictionary.com. (2017). Dictionary.com. Retrieved from Digital Divide: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/digital-divide?s=ts Eastin, M., Cicchirillo, V., & Mabry, A. (2015). Extending the digital divide conversation: Examining the knowledge gap through media expectancies. Journal Of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 59(3), pp. 416-437. Ramirez, M. (2014, August 28). What it Really Takes for Schools to Go Digital. Retrieved from Time.com: http://time.com/3104013/digital-classrooms-race-to-the-top-blended-learning/?iid=sr-link4 Van Volkom, M., Stapley, J., & Amaturo, V. (2014). Revisiting the Digital Divide: Generational Differences in Technology Use in Everyday Life. North American Journal of Psychology, vol 16(3), 557-574.

Global social problem, Page 2

WEEK 1WEEKLY LECTURE AND RESOURCES FOR DISCUSSION AND ASSIGNMENT

Required Resources

Text

Gonzalez-Padron, T. (2015). Business ethics and social responsibility for managers  [Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/

· Chapter 1: Ethics and Business

· Chapter 2: Social Responsibility and Stakeholders

Articles

Snider, J., Hill, R. P., & Martin, D. (2003). Corporate social responsibility in the 21st century: A view from the world's most successful firms.Links to an external site. Journal of Business Ethics, 48(2), 175-187. Retrieved from https://library.ashford.edu/ezproxy.aspx?url=http%3A//search.proquest.com/docview/198088512?accountid=32521

· The full-text version of this article can be accessed through the ProQuest database in the Ashford University Library. This article discusses research conducted on the social and ethical behaviors of industry leaders. It will assist you in completing this week’s assignment. Accessibility Statement (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Privacy Policy (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Zwilling, M. (2013, November 11). How to make an ethical difference in your business (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. Forbes. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/martinzwilling/2013/11/17/how-to-make-an-ethical-difference-in-your-business/

· This article offers insight on how businesses can make more ethical decisions. It will assist you in completing the assignment this week. Accessibility Statement does not exist. Privacy Policy (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Website

Fortune 100 companies (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.wageproject.org/files/fortune_company.php

· This website contains a list of the top 100 companies as decided by Fortune Magazine.  These organizations are the leaders in their industries.

Recommended Resources 

Multimedia

Ashford University Library. (n.d). Database search tips (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. . [Video file]. Retrieved from http://library.ashford.edu/

· This tutorial goes over how to effectively search in library databases. It will assist you in completing the research for your assignments and discussions throughout this course.

Findit@AU (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. [Tutorial]. (2014). Ashford University Library, Ashford University, San Diego, CA. Retrieved from https://bridgepoint.equella.ecollege.com/curriculum/file/991f64b1-6635-4e64-b392-685c02b9f4e0/1/FindIt%40AU%20Tutorial%20Generic%282%29.zip/story.html

· This tutorial is an overview of how to search in the FindIt@AU search feature in the Ashford University Library. It will assist you in completing the research for your assignments and discussions throughout this course.

Tabberer, C [ProfTab @ OkWU]. (2010, May 5).  Starbucks social responsibility video (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.[Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nly_OdvORQY

· This is an overview of Starbucks and their social responsibility. It will assist you in completing the Ethical Issues in the 21st Century discussion this week.

Vandenberg, V. (2014, March 17).  Coca Cola corporate social responsibility (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7dDSHwFgKk

· This is an overview of Coca Cola and their social responsibility. It will assist you in completing the Ethical Issues in the 21st Century discussion this week.

OMM 640: BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course analyzes organizational, professional and personal ethics and

creates a framework for exploring the social responsibilities of managers

and organizational leaders. Case studies and scenario presentations will

be used to explore ways to encourage ethical development and moral

behavior within organizational culture and to resolve business ethical

issues and dilemmas.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

1. Interpret the impact of business ethics on stakeholder relationships.

2. Analyze the relationship between individual and societal ethics.

3. Evaluate the role of ethical decision-making in business

organizations.

4. Develop standards for ethical and moral conduct in an organization.

5. Assess the implementation of business ethics in global strategic

planning.

OMM 640 TEXTBOOK

Gonzalez-Padron, T. (2015). Business ethics and social responsibility for

managers. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education.

This is a Constellation

textbook

1. Examine the function of business ethics in a global business

environment.

2. Summarize the modern history of organizational ethics that has

shaped business practices.

3. Define the social responsibilities of business.

WEEK ONE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

WHAT ARE ETHICS?

• Ethics: The study of right and wrong “in action”

Business Ethics The standards of conduct and moral values governing actions and decisions in the work environment.

Social responsibility. Balance between what’s right and what’s profitable. Often no clear-cut choices. Often shaped by the organization’s ethical climate.

TOP BRANDS: MOST ETHICAL LEADERSHIP

• http://www.forbes.com/pictures/efme45gjij/1- hershey/

WHAT IS AN ETHICAL DILEMMA?

• Choice to be made

• Implicates competing values, rights, & goals

• Potential harm to decision maker?

• Potential harm to others?

• “Ripple effect:” long-term, far reaching implications of decision to

be made

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_AWzH8UZycZQ/TGLgCuzDe6I/AAAAAAAAAEs /DzO8osOqRZM/s320/ETHICS.jpg

Presenter
Presentation Notes
1. Introduction (Due Tuesday)��Please share with your instructor and classmates a little about yourself:   Where are you from and what is your occupation? What do you hope to learn in this class? What resources do you use when creating your citations and references for your APA assignments? How can I assist you in having a successful learning experience?   Respond to at least three of your classmates. Let them know what you have in common.

ETHICAL ISSUES IN THE LAST 3 DECADES

Era Major Ethical Dilemmas Business Ethics

Developments 1980s Bribes and illegal contracting practices influence

peddling

Deceptive advertising

Financial fraud

Transparency issues

Defense Industry Initiative established (1986)

Some companies create ombudsman

positions in addition to ethics officer roles

1990s Unsafe work practices in third world countries

Increased corporate liability for personal damage

(cigarette companies, Dow Chemical, etc.)

Financial mismanagement and fraud

Federal Sentencing Guidelines for

Organizations (1991)

Ethics Officer Association (1992)

Transparency International (1993)

Caremark Decision (1996)

Global Sullivan Principles (1999)

Gonzalez-Padron, 2015, Chapter 1, Table 1.2

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Gonzalez-Padron, T. (2015). Business ethics and social responsibility for managers. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education. Chapter 1 Table 1.2: Timeline of modern business ethics and social responsibility

ETHICAL ISSUES IN THE LAST 3 DECADES (CONT’D)

Era Major Ethical Dilemmas Business Ethics

Developments 21st

century

Financial mismanagement

Cyber crime

Privacy issues (data mining)

Loss of privacy—employees versus employers

Intellectual property theft

International corruption

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and

Consumer Protection Act (2010)

Amendments to the U.S. Sentencing

Commission Guidelines (2004 and 2010)

Anticorruption regulation extends beyond

the United States:

OECD Anti-Bribery and Anti-Corruption

Convention (2009)

OECD Good Practice Guidance on Internal

Controls, Ethics, and Compliance (2010)

UK’s Bribery Act 2010

Brazil, Mexico, Italy and other countries

establish anticorruption legislation (2012)

Gonzalez-Padron, 2015, Chapter 1, Table 1.2

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Gonzalez-Padron, T. (2015). Business ethics and social responsibility for managers. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education. Chapter 1 Table 1.2: Timeline of modern business ethics and social responsibility

CONSIDERING MANAGERIAL ETHICS IN THE WORKPLACE

Zwilling, 2013, para. 1

Zwilling (2013) believed…

“Many people seem to have the sense that ethics are spiraling

downward in business, yet most business professionals and

entrepreneurs I know don’t believe they can make a difference. They

don’t realize that if they don’t take an active role in the solution, they

really become part of the problem.” (para. 1)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Zwilling, M. (2013, November 11). How to make an ethical difference in your business. Forbes.com. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/martinzwilling/2013/11/17/how-to-make-an-ethical-difference-in-your-business/

BENEFITS OF MANAGING ETHICS AT WORK Attention to ethics improves your community

and society as a whole

Ethics programs cultivate teamwork and

productivity

Ethics programs support employee growth

Ethics programs support the legal aspects of the

organization

http://www.circleearth.co.uk/Assets/CircleEarth/Media/Gen eric/Ethics-cloud.png

CONSIDER THIS…

You are the manager for Big-Mart, a large discount retailer. You

recently fired Robert, a sales clerk, after Robert punched a customer

during a dispute in the store (Robert admitted this after the customer

complained).

Janine, the manager of your competitor, Mega-Mart, calls you to tell you

that Robert has applied for a job at Mega-Mart, and to ask you whether

Robert is “good with customers.”

WHAT DO YOU DO ?

https://leadershipfreak.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/questi on-mark.jpg

• What behaviors are acceptable in the corporate world?

• Corporate corruption?

• Government corruption?

• Environmental wrongdoings?

Contemporary Ethical Issues

Nearly all men can stand adversity. But if you want to test a man's character,

give him power. Abraham Lincoln

• Individuals make the difference in ethical expectations and behavior

• Poor decisions lead to:

– Putting own interest ahead of the organization

– Lying to employee

– Misrepresenting hours

– Safety violations

– Internet abuse

• Technology has the potential to expand unethical behavior

Individuals Make A Difference

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CODE OF CONDUCT

• Formal statement that defines how the organization expects and requires employees to resolve ethical questions.

• Codes of conduct cannot detail a solution for every ethical situation, so corporations provide training in ethical reasoning.

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Considering Managerial Ethics in the Workplace (Due Thursday)��Zwilling (2013) believed…   “Many people seem to have the sense that ethics are spiraling downward in business, yet most business professionals and entrepreneurs I know don’t believe they can make a difference. They don’t realize that if they don’t take an active role in the solution, they really become part of the problem.” (para. 1)   Zwilling described five solutions to ethical problems that exist. �Review the five solutions. Select one solution and describe how you would apply them from a managerial perspective (perhaps at your current workplace).   Reference Zwilling, M. (2013, November 11). How to make an ethical difference in your business. Forbes.com. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/martinzwilling/2013/11/17/how-to-make-an-ethical-difference-in-your-business/   Ensure to properly attribute your source(s) when posting your response.�Respond to at least two of your classmates’ postings allowing enough time for them to respond.

FIVE SOLUTIONS TO ETHICAL PROBLEMS 1. Identify the ground rules of the all parties. 2. Reason backward to find the interests. 3. Face the relevant facts. 4. Stand in the shoes of affected parties. 5. Use the global benefit approach to rate possible

outcomes.

“Real agreement in ethics only exists when what your ethics eye shows to be the right action matches what the ethic eyes

of others see as the right action at the same time.”

Zwilling, 2013, paras. 5 - 8

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Reading Assignment Outcome Alignment [list the outcome #(s)] Weekly Course Text book: Chapter 1, Ethics and Business Textbook: Chapter 2, Social Responsibility and Stakeholders Zwilling, M. (2013, November 11). How to make an ethical difference in your business. Forbes.com. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/martinzwilling/2013/11/17/how-to-make-an-ethical-difference-in-your-business/ Snider, J., Hill, R. P., & Martin, D. (2003). Corporate social responsibility in the 21st century: A view from the world's most successful firms. Journal of Business Ethics, 48(2), 175-187. Retrieved from ProQuest database.              

WEEKLY READINGS

 Snider, J., Hill, R. P., & Martin, D. (2003). Corporate social responsibility in the 21st century: A view from the world's most successful firms. Journal of Business Ethics, 48(2), 175-187.

 Zwilling, M. (2013, November 11). How to make an ethical difference in your business. Forbes. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/martinzwilling/2013/11/17/how- to-make-an-ethical-difference-in-your-business/

http://emat621summer2009.wikispaces.com/fil e/view/book_clip_art.gif/77358751/132x119/bo ok_clip_art.gif

FSB APA GUIDANCE Please use the FSB APA Guidance located in your classroom.

ANY QUESTIONS?

Please post your questions in the Ask the Instructor thread.

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  • Slide Number 1
  • OMM 640: Business Ethics and Social Responsibility�
  • Course Description
  • COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES
  • OMM 640 Textbook
  • Week One Learning Objectives
  • What ARE Ethics?
  • Top Brands: Most Ethical Leadership
  • What is An Ethical Dilemma?
  • Ethical issues in the last 3 decades
  • Ethical issues in the last 3 decades (cont’d)
  • Considering managerial ethics in the workplace
  • Benefits of Managing ethics at work
  • Consider This…
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Code of Conduct
  • Five Solutions to Ethical Problems
  • Weekly readings
  • FSB APA Guidance
  • Slide Number 21

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