Short
Answer
 1) A)
Graph
metabolic
rate
versus
speed
during
running.
Be
sure
to
label
your
axes
as


specifically
as
possible.

(4
points)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 B)
On
the
graph
from
part
A,
label
the
cost
of
transport.
(2
points)
 
 
 C)
Assuming
VO2max
is
15
L/min
and
resting
metabolic
rate
is
0.75
L/min,
 
 calculate
the
aerobic
scope.
(1
point)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 D)
At
what
point
can
you
no
longer
use
oxygen
consumption
as
an
accurate
 
 predictor
of
metabolic
rate?

Why?
(2
points)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E)
Would
the
net
cost
of
transport
be
greater
in
a
child
or
an
adult
during
 
 running?
(1
point)



 2) When
the
Southwest
Airlines
flight
lost
cabin
pressure
due
to
rupture
in
the


fuselage,
the
pilot
had
to
descend
the
plane
from
36,000
(Patm
=13
mmHg)
feet
down
 to
11,000
feet
(Patm=220
mmHg).

Calculate
the
partial
pressure
of
oxygen
at
each
 altitude.

Using
that
information,
explain
why
this
decrease
in
altitude
is
necessary
 in
terms
of
diffusion
at
the
level
of
the
alveoli.
(5
points)
 


3) A)

What
two
organ
systems
regulate
blood
pressure?
(2
points)
 
 
 
 
 
 B)

Will
the
following
conditions
increase
or
decrease
blood
pressure?
(3

 
 points)
 
 
 a)
Increase
in
sympathetic
stimulation
to
the
heart.
 
 
 
 
 b)
Increase
in
carbon
dioxide
concentration
in
skeletal
muscle.
 
 
 
 
 c)
Decrease
in
ADH
production.
 
 
 
 
 d)
Increase
in
ANP
production.
 
 
 
 
 e)
Increase
in
the
firing
rate
of
carotid
and
aortic
baroreceptors.
 
 
 
 
 f)

Decrease
in
plasma
aldosterone.
 
 
 
 C)

Diagram
the
response
of
the
renin‐angiotensin
system
under
conditions
of
low
 
 blood
pressure
in
the
renal
blood
vessels.

Include
all
hormones
and
effects
 
 produced
and
the
ultimate
effect
on
GFR.
(5
points)



 4) List
the
effects
of
the
following
hormones
on
males
and
on
females
in
the
table


below.
(10
points)
 
 
 Hormone
 Effect
on
Males
 Effect
on
Females


Relaxin


LH


Inhibin


GnRh


FSH



 5) Graph
the
levels
of
gonadotropin
hormones
on
the
upper
graph
below
and
the
levels


of
ovarian
hormones
on
the
lower
graph
below
as
the
ovarian
cycle
progresses.
(8
 points)

Add
to
this
figure
a
graph
depicting
the
thickness
of
the
endometrium.
(3
 points)
Label
the
phases
of
the
menstrual
cycle
on
the
graph
and
indicate
where
 ovulation
occurs.
(4
points)