RSCH 8200: Introduction to Statistics Video Podcast Transcript

JENNIFER ANN MORROW: My name is Dr. Jennifer Ann Morrow, and I'm an assistant professor at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia. I have a bachelor's degree in general psychology, which I received from the University of Rhode Island, and a master's degree in general psychology, which I received from Rhode Island College. And I have my PhD in experimental psychology, also from the University of Rhode Island, where I specialized in research methodology and program evaluation. A lot of the research that I am doing currently is looking at effective pedagogies in how to teach statistics. And so I look at the effectiveness of various teaching methods and how that impacts students' anxiety towards statistics and their usefulness of using statistics in psychological research. Most of what I teach is statistics and research methods, both at the undergrad level as well at the graduate level. So I teach undergraduate research methods. I teach a graduate statistics and research methods course. And I'm also teaching social psychology, program evaluation, and health psychology courses. My teaching philosophy around statistics and research methods is to teach it from a conceptual and applied approach. Formulas are not enough. I need to make sure students understand why you're using statistics and how you're using statistics and why it's so important to understand them.

What Can You Expect in This Course

JENNIFER ANN MORROW: Over the next few weeks, you'll be exposed to various methods of using statistics, from the basic descriptive statistics to a univariate statistics, such as analysis of variants, independent T tests, and dependent T tests. Most weeks, you'll see me doing a demonstration of a particular statistic from the beginning to the end and understanding how to interpret it and use it in your own research area. As researchers, we have to digest lots of information in journal articles and newspapers where people are using statistics, and if we don't understand how they're used, we can't critique whether or not they're used properly. One advantage of this course is, I'll be using practical examples throughout the semester. We're going to be using one data set for all of the analyses, and these hopefully will have real-world data that you can see why statistics is used and understand it in a more detailed fashion. I would say that most students feel a bit anxious when they're taking a

statistics course, and a lot of research shows that even almost up to 80% of graduate students feel some type of statistics anxiety. And what statistics anxiety is is that apprehension that, "Oh, my God, I have to take a statistics course," or, "How do I understand this information in order to get through to my degree?" And so it's very, very common. And there's a lot of reasons for it. One of the main reasons is, a lot of students feel a fear of failure that they're going into this class, and they're going to not do well, and they're not going to be able to get their degree because they're very math-phobic. And I would say nine times out of ten, students come up to me and say, "Dr. Morrow, I'm so math-phobic. I can't do math." Statistics is not just about math. It's how to use that math in order to understand the research that's around you.

Tips for Managing Statistics Anxiety

JENNIFER ANN MORROW: Statistics anxiety can have a profound impact on students' performance in a statistics course. Research shows that students that just dive into a statistics course, that have a lot of anxiety and then don't deal with it, don't find ways to combat this anxiety and to try to perform better are not going to do well in the course. So there's many things that you, as a student, can do in order to alleviate that anxiety and for you to perform well in that course. One of the things that I always suggest to my students is to find a stats buddy. Couple up with somebody else in the classroom. One suggestion I can give to you in order to help you relieve some of the statistics anxiety and to do better in this course is to form online chats with some of your classmates. Share your work. Email your homework. Have them review your homework, and you review theirs. Go into the chat rooms and talk about what things you're clear and not clear on in regards to what you're learning in your course. You're going to become much more confident if you have someone look at your work and give you that extra feedback that, yes, you're on the right track, or also give you suggestions for where you are doing poorly so you can study a little bit more in that area. It is so important to ask for help if you're not doing well. Contact the faculty member if you're struggling in any particular area. And a suggestion that I have for all students is to keep a weekly log of what you're clear and not clear on in terms of statistics. Write down what you understand and what you don't understand. And if there's something that you don't understand, email the professor and ask him or her to explain it in more detail. There is also the main Walden University website where you can get a lot of information on how to find tutors and other

additional resources to help you out throughout this course. Students always ask me, "Why is it important to understand statistics? "Why do I have to take this course? "I want to be a clinician. I'm never going to use statistics again." And I tell them, "You need to understand research." You should be able to go in and read a journal article and look at the results section. So many of my students, when I ask them, they skip right to the discussion, and they just take facevalue what the author said: "Yes, I found a gender difference here," or "Yes, these two things are related." If you understand statistics, you can be critical of that results section and really understand, "Did they use those statistics right? "Did they actually find what they were supposed to? And are these conclusions valid?" So if a medical journal comes out with research that says this little pill is going to make you lose 100 pounds, you can be critical of that research. My best advice to you as a student in order to do well in this class is to walk in with an open mind and to alleviate your fear to understand that you will learn statistics. You'll be able to understand from beginning to end how to conduct statistics in your area of research. And hopefully by the end of this semester, you'll feel as excited about statistics as I do.

Salkind_datasets/Crab Scale Results.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 10/Lesson 10 Excel File.xls

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 16/Lesson 16 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 19/Lesson 19 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 19/Lesson 19 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 19/Lesson 19 Exercise File 3.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 19/Lesson 19 Exercise File 2.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 20/Lesson 20 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 20/Lesson 20 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 20/Lesson 20 Exercise File 2.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 21/Lesson 21 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 21/Lesson 21 Exercise File 2.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 21/Lesson 21 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 22/Lesson 22 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 22/Lesson 22 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 23/Lesson 23 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 22/Lesson 22 Exercise File 2.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 23/Lesson 23 Exercise File 2.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 23/Lesson 23 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 24/Lesson 24 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 24/Lesson 24 Exercise File 2.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 25/Lesson 25 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 24/Lesson 24 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 25/Lesson 25 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 26/Lesson 26 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 26/Lesson 26 Data File 2.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 25/Lesson 25 Exercise File 2.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 26/Lesson 26 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 27/Lesson 27 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 27/Lesson 27 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 26/Lesson 26 Exercise File 2.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 27/Lesson 27 Exercise File 2.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 28/Lesson 28 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 28/Lesson 28 Exercise File 2.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 28/Lesson 28 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 29/Lesson 29 Exercise FIle 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 29/Lesson 29 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 30/Lesson 30 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 29/Lesson 29 Exercise FIle 2.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 30/Lesson 30 Exercise File 2.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 30/Lesson 30 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 31/Lesson 31 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 31/Lesson 31 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 32/Lesson 32 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 31/Lesson 31 Exercise File 2.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 32/Lesson 32 Exercise File 2.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 32/Lesson 32 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 33/Lesson 33 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 33/Lesson 33 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 33/Lesson 33 Exercise FIle 2.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 34/Lesson 34 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 34/Lesson 34 Exercise File 2.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 34/Lesson 34 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 35/Lesson 35 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 35/Lesson 35 Exercise File 2.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 35/Lesson 35 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 36/Lesson 36 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 36/Lesson 36 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 37/Lesson 37 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 37/Lesson 37 Exercise File 2.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 37/Lesson 37 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 38/Lesson 38 Data FIle 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 38/Lesson 38 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 38/Lesson 38 Exercise File 2.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 39/Lesson 39 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 39/Lesson 39 Exercise File 2.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 39/Lesson 39 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 40/Lesson 40 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 40/Lesson 40 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 41/Lesson 41 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 41/Lesson 41 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 42/Lesson 42 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 42/Lesson 42 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 43/Lesson 43 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 43/Lesson 43 Exercise File 2.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 43/Lesson 43 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 44/Lesson 44 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 44/Lesson 44 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 45/Lesson 45 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 45/Lesson 45 Exercise File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 6/Lesson 6 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 7/Lesson 7 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 8/Lesson 8 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 8/Lesson 8 Exercise 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 9/Lesson 9 Data File 1.sav

Salkind_datasets/Lesson 9/Output.prn

�%-12345X@PJL JOB @PJL ENTER LANGUAGE = POSTSCRIPT %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Title: Lesson 9 Data File 1 %%Creator: PScript5.dll Version 5.2.2 %%CreationDate: 6/29/2006 8:10:53 %%For: Neil J. Salkind %%BoundingBox: (atend) %%Pages: (atend) %%Orientation: Portrait %%PageOrder: Special %%DocumentNeededResources: (atend) %%DocumentSuppliedResources: (atend) %%DocumentData: Clean7Bit %%TargetDevice: (HP LaserJet 4ML) (2013.103) 32 %%LanguageLevel: 2 %%EndComments %%BeginDefaults %%PageBoundingBox: 15 13 597 780 %%ViewingOrientation: 1 0 0 1 %%EndDefaults %%BeginProlog %%BeginResource: file Pscript_WinNT_ErrorHandler 5.0 0 /currentpacking where{pop/oldpack currentpacking def/setpacking where{pop false setpacking}if}if/$brkpage 64 dict def $brkpage begin/prnt{dup type/stringtype ne{=string cvs}if dup length 6 mul/tx exch def/ty 10 def currentpoint/toy exch def/tox exch def 1 setgray newpath tox toy 2 sub moveto 0 ty rlineto tx 0 rlineto 0 ty neg rlineto closepath fill tox toy moveto 0 setgray show}bind def /nl{currentpoint exch pop lmargin exch moveto 0 -10 rmoveto}def/=={/cp 0 def typeprint nl}def/typeprint{dup type exec}readonly def/lmargin 72 def/rmargin 72 def/tprint{dup length cp add rmargin gt{nl/cp 0 def}if dup length cp add/cp exch def prnt}readonly def/cvsprint{=string cvs tprint( )tprint}readonly def /integertype{cvsprint}readonly def/realtype{cvsprint}readonly def/booleantype {cvsprint}readonly def/operatortype{(--)tprint =string cvs tprint(-- )tprint} readonly def/marktype{pop(-mark- )tprint}readonly def/dicttype{pop (-dictionary- )tprint}readonly def/nulltype{pop(-null- )tprint}readonly def /filetype{pop(-filestream- )tprint}readonly def/savetype{pop(-savelevel- ) tprint}readonly def/fonttype{pop(-fontid- )tprint}readonly def/nametype{dup xcheck not{(/)tprint}if cvsprint}readonly def/stringtype{dup rcheck{(\()tprint tprint(\))tprint}{pop(-string- )tprint}ifelse}readonly def/arraytype{dup rcheck {dup xcheck{({)tprint{typeprint}forall(})tprint}{([)tprint{typeprint}forall(]) tprint}ifelse}{pop(-array- )tprint}ifelse}readonly def/packedarraytype{dup rcheck{dup xcheck{({)tprint{typeprint}forall(})tprint}{([)tprint{typeprint} forall(])tprint}ifelse}{pop(-packedarray- )tprint}ifelse}readonly def/courier /Courier findfont 10 scalefont def end errordict/handleerror{systemdict begin $error begin $brkpage begin newerror{/newerror false store vmstatus pop pop 0 ne{grestoreall}if errorname(VMerror)ne{showpage}if initgraphics courier setfont lmargin 720 moveto errorname(VMerror)eq{userdict/ehsave known{clear userdict /ehsave get restore 2 vmreclaim}if vmstatus exch pop exch pop PrtVMMsg}{ (ERROR: )prnt errorname prnt nl(OFFENDING COMMAND: )prnt/command load prnt $error/ostack known{nl nl(STACK:)prnt nl nl $error/ostack get aload length{==} repeat}if}ifelse systemdict/showpage get exec(%%[ Error: )print errorname =print(; OffendingCommand: )print/command load =print( ]%%)= flush}if end end end}dup 0 systemdict put dup 4 $brkpage put bind readonly put/currentpacking where{pop/setpacking where{pop oldpack setpacking}if}if %%EndResource userdict /Pscript_WinNT_Incr 230 dict dup begin put %%BeginResource: file Pscript_FatalError 5.0 0 userdict begin/FatalErrorIf{{initgraphics findfont 1 index 0 eq{exch pop}{dup length dict begin{1 index/FID ne{def}{pop pop}ifelse}forall/Encoding {ISOLatin1Encoding}stopped{StandardEncoding}if def currentdict end /ErrFont-Latin1 exch definefont}ifelse exch scalefont setfont counttomark 3 div cvi{moveto show}repeat showpage quit}{cleartomark}ifelse}bind def end %%EndResource userdict begin/PrtVMMsg{vmstatus exch sub exch pop gt{[ (This job requires more memory than is available in this printer.)100 500 (Try one or more of the following, and then print again:)100 485 (For the output format, choose Optimize For Portability.)115 470 (In the Device Settings page, make sure the Available PostScript Memory is accurate.) 115 455(Reduce the number of fonts in the document.)115 440 (Print the document in parts.)115 425 12/Times-Roman showpage (%%[ PrinterError: Low Printer VM ]%%)= true FatalErrorIf}if}bind def end version cvi 2016 ge{/VM?{pop}bind def}{/VM? userdict/PrtVMMsg get def}ifelse 105000 VM? %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_Basic 5.0 0 /d/def load def/,/load load d/~/exch , d/?/ifelse , d/!/pop , d/`/begin , d/^ /index , d/@/dup , d/+/translate , d/$/roll , d/U/userdict , d/M/moveto , d/- /rlineto , d/&/currentdict , d/:/gsave , d/;/grestore , d/F/false , d/T/true , d/N/newpath , d/E/end , d/Ac/arc , d/An/arcn , d/A/ashow , d/D/awidthshow , d/C /closepath , d/V/div , d/O/eofill , d/L/fill , d/I/lineto , d/-c/curveto , d/-M /rmoveto , d/+S/scale , d/Ji/setfont , d/Lc/setlinecap , d/Lj/setlinejoin , d /Lw/setlinewidth , d/Lm/setmiterlimit , d/sd/setdash , d/S/show , d/LH/showpage , d/K/stroke , d/W/widthshow , d/R/rotate , d/L2? false/languagelevel where{pop languagelevel 2 ge{pop true}if}if d L2?{/xS/xshow , d/yS/yshow , d/zS/xyshow , d}if/b{bind d}bind d/bd{bind d}bind d/xd{~ d}bd/ld{, d}bd/bn/bind ld/lw/Lw ld /lc/Lc ld/lj/Lj ld/sg/setgray ld/ADO_mxRot null d/self & d/OrgMx matrix currentmatrix d/reinitialize{: OrgMx setmatrix[/TextInit/GraphInit/UtilsInit counttomark{@ where{self eq}{F}?{cvx exec}{!}?}repeat cleartomark ;}b /initialize{`{/Pscript_Win_Data where{!}{U/Pscript_Win_Data & put}?/ADO_mxRot ~ d/TextInitialised? F d reinitialize E}{U/Pscript_Win_Data 230 dict @ ` put /ADO_mxRot ~ d/TextInitialised? F d reinitialize}?}b/terminate{!{& self eq {exit}{E}?}loop E}b/suspend/terminate , d/resume{` Pscript_Win_Data `}b U ` /lucas 21690 d/featurebegin{countdictstack lucas[}b/featurecleanup{stopped {cleartomark @ lucas eq{! exit}if}loop countdictstack ~ sub @ 0 gt{{E}repeat} {!}?}b E/snap{transform 0.25 sub round 0.25 add ~ 0.25 sub round 0.25 add ~ itransform}b/dsnap{dtransform round ~ round ~ idtransform}b/nonzero_round{@ 0.5 ge{round}{@ -0.5 lt{round}{0 ge{1}{-1}?}?}?}b/nonzero_dsnap{dtransform nonzero_round ~ nonzero_round ~ idtransform}b U<04>cvn{}put/rr{1 ^ 0 - 0 ~ - neg 0 - C}b/irp{4 -2 $ + +S fx 4 2 $ M 1 ^ 0 - 0 ~ - neg 0 -}b/rp{4 2 $ M 1 ^ 0 - 0 ~ - neg 0 -}b/solid{[]0 sd}b/g{@ not{U/DefIf_save save put}if U/DefIf_bool 2 ^ put}b/DefIf_El{if U/DefIf_bool get not @{U/DefIf_save get restore}if}b/e {DefIf_El !}b/UDF{L2?{undefinefont}{!}?}b/UDR{L2?{undefineresource}{! !}?}b /freeVM{/Courier findfont[40 0 0 -40 0 0]makefont Ji 2 vmreclaim}b/hfRedefFont {findfont @ length dict `{1 ^/FID ne{d}{! !}?}forall & E @ ` ~{/CharStrings 1 dict `/.notdef 0 d & E d}if/Encoding 256 array 0 1 255{1 ^ ~/.notdef put}for d E definefont !}bind d/hfMkCIDFont{/CIDFont findresource @ length 2 add dict `{1 ^ @/FID eq ~ @/XUID eq ~/UIDBase eq or or{! !}{d}?}forall/CDevProc ~ d/Metrics2 16 dict d/CIDFontName 1 ^ d & E 1 ^ ~/CIDFont defineresource ![~]composefont !} bind d %%EndResource %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_Utils_L2 5.0 0 /rf/rectfill , d/fx{1 1 dtransform @ 0 ge{1 sub 0.5}{1 add -0.5}? 3 -1 $ @ 0 ge {1 sub 0.5}{1 add -0.5}? 3 1 $ 4 1 $ idtransform 4 -2 $ idtransform}b/BZ{4 -2 $ snap + +S fx rf}b/rs/rectstroke , d/rc/rectclip , d/UtilsInit{currentglobal{F setglobal}if}b/scol{! setcolor}b/colspA/DeviceGray d/colspABC/DeviceRGB d /colspRefresh{colspABC setcolorspace}b/SetColSpace{colspABC setcolorspace}b /resourcestatus where{!/ColorRendering/ProcSet resourcestatus{! ! T}{F}?}{F}? not{/ColorRendering<</GetHalftoneName{currenthalftone @/HalftoneName known{ /HalftoneName get}{!/none}?}bn/GetPageDeviceName{currentpagedevice @ /PageDeviceName known{/PageDeviceName get @ null eq{!/none}if}{!/none}?}bn /GetSubstituteCRD{!/DefaultColorRendering/ColorRendering resourcestatus{! ! /DefaultColorRendering}{(DefaultColorRendering*){cvn exit}127 string /ColorRendering resourceforall}?}bn>>/defineresource where{!/ProcSet defineresource !}{! !}?}if/buildcrdname{/ColorRendering/ProcSet findresource ` mark GetHalftoneName @ type @/nametype ne ~/stringtype ne and{!/none}if(.) GetPageDeviceName @ type @/nametype ne ~/stringtype ne and{!/none}if(.)5 ^ 0 5 -1 1{^ length add}for string 6 1 $ 5 ^ 5{~ 1 ^ cvs length 1 ^ length 1 ^ sub getinterval}repeat ! cvn 3 1 $ ! ! E}b/definecolorrendering{~ buildcrdname ~ /ColorRendering defineresource !}b/findcolorrendering where{!}{ /findcolorrendering{buildcrdname @/ColorRendering resourcestatus{! ! T}{ /ColorRendering/ProcSet findresource ` GetSubstituteCRD E F}?}b}? /selectcolorrendering{findcolorrendering !/ColorRendering findresource setcolorrendering}b/G2UBegin{findresource/FontInfo get/GlyphNames2Unicode get `}bind d/G2CCBegin{findresource/FontInfo get/GlyphNames2HostCode get `}bind d /G2UEnd{E}bind d/AddFontInfoBegin{/FontInfo 8 dict @ `}bind d/AddFontInfo{ /GlyphNames2Unicode 16 dict d/GlyphNames2HostCode 16 dict d}bind d /AddFontInfoEnd{E d}bind d/T0AddCFFMtx2{/CIDFont findresource/Metrics2 get ` d E}bind d %%EndResource end %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup statusdict begin (%%[ ProductName: ) print product print ( ]%%)= flush end [ 1 0 0 1 0 0 ] false Pscript_WinNT_Incr dup /initialize get exec featurebegin{ %%BeginNonPPDFeature: JobTimeout 0 0 /languagelevel where{pop languagelevel}{1}ifelse 2 ge{1 dict dup/JobTimeout 4 -1 roll put setuserparams}{statusdict/setjobtimeout get exec}ifelse %%EndNonPPDFeature }featurecleanup featurebegin{ %%BeginNonPPDFeature: WaitTimeout 300 300 /languagelevel where{pop languagelevel}{1}ifelse 2 ge{1 dict dup/WaitTimeout 4 -1 roll put setuserparams}{statusdict/waittimeout 3 -1 roll put}ifelse %%EndNonPPDFeature }featurecleanup featurebegin{ %%BeginFeature: *PageSize Letter 2 dict dup /Policies 1 dict dup /PageSize 1 put put dup /DeferredMediaSelection true put setpagedevice 2 dict dup /PageSize [612 792] put dup /ImagingBBox null put setpagedevice %%EndFeature }featurecleanup featurebegin{ %%BeginFeature: *OutputBin OnlyOne %%EndFeature }featurecleanup 1 setlinecap 1 setlinejoin /mysetup [ 72 300 V 0 0 -72 300 V 15.00094 780.00097 ] def %%EndSetup userdict begin /ehsave save def end %%Page: 1 1 %%PageBoundingBox: 15 13 597 780 %%EndPageComments %%BeginPageSetup /DeviceRGB dup setcolorspace /colspABC exch def mysetup concat colspRefresh %%EndPageSetup Pscript_WinNT_Incr begin %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_GdiObject 5.0 0 /SavedCTM null d/CTMsave{/SavedCTM SavedCTM currentmatrix d}b/CTMrestore {SavedCTM setmatrix}b/mp null d/ADO_mxRot null d/GDIHMatrix null d /GDIHPatternDict 22 dict d GDIHPatternDict `/PatternType 1 d/PaintType 2 d/Reps L2?{1}{5}? d/XStep 8 Reps mul d/YStep XStep d/BBox[0 0 XStep YStep]d/TilingType 1 d/PaintProc{` 1 Lw[]0 sd PaintData , exec E}b/FGnd null d/BGnd null d /HS_Horizontal{horiz}b/HS_Vertical{vert}b/HS_FDiagonal{fdiag}b/HS_BDiagonal {biag}b/HS_Cross{horiz vert}b/HS_DiagCross{fdiag biag}b/MaxXYStep XStep YStep gt{XStep}{YStep}? d/horiz{Reps{0 4 M XStep 0 - 0 8 +}repeat 0 -8 Reps mul + K}b /vert{Reps{4 0 M 0 YStep - 8 0 +}repeat 0 -8 Reps mul + K}b/biag{Reps{0 0 M MaxXYStep @ - 0 YStep neg M MaxXYStep @ - 0 8 +}repeat 0 -8 Reps mul + 0 YStep M 8 8 - K}b/fdiag{Reps{0 0 M MaxXYStep @ neg - 0 YStep M MaxXYStep @ neg - 0 8 +}repeat 0 -8 Reps mul + MaxXYStep @ M 8 -8 - K}b E/makehatch{4 -2 $/yOrg ~ d /xOrg ~ d GDIHPatternDict/PaintData 3 -1 $ put CTMsave GDIHMatrix setmatrix GDIHPatternDict matrix xOrg yOrg + mp CTMrestore ~ U ~ 2 ^ put}b/h0{/h0 /HS_Horizontal makehatch}b/h1{/h1/HS_Vertical makehatch}b/h2{/h2/HS_FDiagonal makehatch}b/h3{/h3/HS_BDiagonal makehatch}b/h4{/h4/HS_Cross makehatch}b/h5{/h5 /HS_DiagCross makehatch}b/GDIBWPatternMx null d/pfprep{save 8 1 $ /PatternOfTheDay 8 1 $ GDIBWPatternDict `/yOrg ~ d/xOrg ~ d/PaintData ~ d/yExt ~ d/Width ~ d/BGnd ~ d/FGnd ~ d/Height yExt RepsV mul d/mx[Width 0 0 Height 0 0]d E build_pattern ~ !}b/pfbf{/fEOFill ~ d pfprep hbf fEOFill{O}{L}? restore}b /GraphInit{GDIHMatrix null eq{/SavedCTM matrix d : ADO_mxRot concat 0 0 snap + : 0.48 @ GDIHPatternDict ` YStep mul ~ XStep mul ~ nonzero_dsnap YStep V ~ XStep V ~ E +S/GDIHMatrix matrix currentmatrix readonly d ; : 0.24 -0.24 +S GDIBWPatternDict ` Width Height E nonzero_dsnap +S/GDIBWPatternMx matrix currentmatrix readonly d ; ;}if}b %%EndResource %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_GdiObject_L2 5.0 0 /GDIBWPatternDict 25 dict @ `/PatternType 1 d/PaintType 1 d/RepsV 1 d/RepsH 1 d /BBox[0 0 RepsH 1]d/TilingType 1 d/XStep 1 d/YStep 1 d/Height 8 RepsV mul d /Width 8 d/mx[Width 0 0 Height neg 0 Height]d/FGnd null d/BGnd null d /SetBGndFGnd{BGnd null ne{BGnd aload ! scol BBox aload ! 2 ^ sub ~ 3 ^ sub ~ rf}if FGnd null ne{FGnd aload ! scol}if}b/PaintProc{` SetBGndFGnd RepsH{Width Height F mx PaintData imagemask Width 0 +}repeat E}b E d/mp/makepattern , d /build_pattern{CTMsave GDIBWPatternMx setmatrix/nupangle where{! nupangle -90 eq{nupangle R}if}if GDIBWPatternDict @ ` Width Height ne{Width Height gt{Width Height V 1}{1 Height Width V}? +S}if xOrg yOrg E matrix + mp CTMrestore}b/hbf {setpattern}b/hf{:/fEOFill ~ d ~ ! setpattern fEOFill{O}{L}? ;}b/pbf{: ! /fEOFill ~ d GDIBWPatternDict `/yOrg ~ d/xOrg ~ d/PaintData ~ d/OutputBPP ~ d /Height ~ d/Width ~ d/PaintType 1 d/PatternType 1 d/TilingType 1 d/BBox[0 0 Width Height]d/XStep Width d/YStep Height d/mx xOrg yOrg matrix + d 20 dict @ ` /ImageType 1 d/Width Width d/Height Height d/ImageMatrix[1 0 0 1 0 0]d /BitsPerComponent 8 d OutputBPP 24 eq{/Decode[0 1 0 1 0 1]d}{OutputBPP 8 eq{ /Decode[0 1]d}{/Decode[0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1]d}?}?/DataSource{PaintData}d E/ImageDict ~ d/PaintProc{` ImageDict image E}b & mx makepattern setpattern E fEOFill{O}{L} ? ;}b/mask_pbf{:/fEOFill ~ d 20 dict `/yOrg ~ d/xOrg ~ d/PaintData ~ d/Height ~ d/Width ~ d/PatternType 1 d/PaintType 2 d/TilingType 1 d/BBox[0 0 Width Height] d/XStep Width d/YStep Height d/mx xOrg yOrg matrix + d/PaintProc{` Width Height T 1 1 dtransform abs ~ abs ~ 0 0 3 -1 $ 0 0 6 array astore{PaintData}imagemask E}b & mx makepattern setpattern E fEOFill{O}{L}? ;}b %%EndResource end reinitialize N 1006 119 410 57 rp C /DeviceGray dup setcolorspace /colspABC exch def 1 0 scol L 0 0 scol Pscript_WinNT_Incr begin %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Text 5.0 0 /TextInit{TextInitialised? not{/Pscript_Windows_Font & d/TextInitialised? T d /fM[1 0 0 1 0 0]d/mFM matrix d/iMat[1 0 0.212557 1 0 0]d}if}b/copyfont{1 ^ length add dict `{1 ^/FID ne{d}{! !}?}forall & E}b/EncodeDict 11 dict d/bullets {{/bullet}repeat}b/rF{3 copyfont @ ` ~ EncodeDict ~ get/Encoding ~ 3 ^/0 eq{& /CharStrings known{CharStrings/Eth known not{! EncodeDict/ANSIEncodingOld get} if}if}if d E}b/mF{@ 7 1 $ findfont ~{@/Encoding get @ StandardEncoding eq{! T}{ {ISOLatin1Encoding}stopped{! F}{eq}?{T}{@ ` T 32 1 127{Encoding 1 ^ get StandardEncoding 3 -1 $ get eq and}for E}?}?}{F}?{1 ^ ~ rF}{0 copyfont}? 6 -2 $ ! ! ~ !/pd_charset @ where{~ get 128 eq{@ FDV 2 copy get @ length array copy put pd_CoverFCRange}if}{!}? 2 ^ ~ definefont fM 5 4 -1 $ put fM 4 0 put fM makefont Pscript_Windows_Font 3 1 $ put}b/sLT{: Lw -M currentpoint snap M 0 - 0 Lc K ;}b/xUP null d/yUP null d/uW null d/xSP null d/ySP null d/sW null d/sSU{N /uW ~ d/yUP ~ d/xUP ~ d}b/sU{xUP yUP uW sLT}b/sST{N/sW ~ d/ySP ~ d/xSP ~ d}b/sT {xSP ySP sW sLT}b/sR{: + R 0 0 M}b/sRxy{: matrix astore concat 0 0 M}b/eR/; , d /AddOrigFP{{&/FontInfo known{&/FontInfo get length 6 add}{6}? dict ` /WinPitchAndFamily ~ d/WinCharSet ~ d/OrigFontType ~ d/OrigFontStyle ~ d /OrigFontName ~ d & E/FontInfo ~ d}{! ! ! ! !}?}b/mFS{makefont Pscript_Windows_Font 3 1 $ put}b/mF42D{0 copyfont `/FontName ~ d 2 copy ~ sub 1 add dict `/.notdef 0 d 2 copy 1 ~{@ 3 ^ sub Encoding ~ get ~ d}for & E /CharStrings ~ d ! ! & @ E/FontName get ~ definefont}b/mF42{15 dict ` @ 4 1 $ FontName ~ d/FontType 0 d/FMapType 2 d/FontMatrix[1 0 0 1 0 0]d 1 ^ 254 add 255 idiv @ array/Encoding ~ d 0 1 3 -1 $ 1 sub{@ Encoding 3 1 $ put}for/FDepVector Encoding length array d/CharStrings 2 dict `/.notdef 0 d & E d 0 1 Encoding length 1 sub{@ @ 10 lt{! FontName length 1 add string}{100 lt{FontName length 2 add string}{FontName length 3 add string}?}? @ 0 FontName @ length string cvs putinterval @ 3 -1 $ @ 4 1 $ 3 string cvs FontName length ~ putinterval cvn 1 ^ 256 mul @ 255 add 3 -1 $ 4 ^ findfont mF42D FDepVector 3 1 $ put}for & @ E /FontName get ~ definefont ! ! ! mF}b/mF_OTF_V{~ ! ~ ! 4 -1 $ ! findfont 2 ^ ~ definefont fM @ @ 4 6 -1 $ neg put 5 0 put 90 matrix R matrix concatmatrix makefont Pscript_Windows_Font 3 1 $ put}b/mF_TTF_V{3{~ !}repeat 3 -1 $ ! findfont 1 ^ ~ definefont Pscript_Windows_Font 3 1 $ put}b/UmF{L2? {Pscript_Windows_Font ~ undef}{!}?}b/UmF42{@ findfont/FDepVector get{/FontName get undefinefont}forall undefinefont}b %%EndResource end reinitialize Pscript_WinNT_Incr begin %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Encoding256 5.0 0 /CharCol256Encoding[/.notdef/breve/caron/dotaccent/dotlessi/fi/fl/fraction /hungarumlaut/Lslash/lslash/minus/ogonek/ring/Zcaron/zcaron/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign /dollar/percent/ampersand/quotesingle/parenleft/parenright/asterisk/plus/comma /hyphen/period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon /semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N/O/P/Q/R/S /T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash/bracketright/asciicircum/underscore/grave /a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/braceleft/bar/braceright /asciitilde/.notdef/Euro/.notdef/quotesinglbase/florin/quotedblbase/ellipsis /dagger/daggerdbl/circumflex/perthousand/Scaron/guilsinglleft/OE/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/quoteleft/quoteright/quotedblleft/quotedblright/bullet /endash/emdash/tilde/trademark/scaron/guilsinglright/oe/.notdef/.notdef /Ydieresis/.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen/brokenbar/section /dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guillemotleft/logicalnot/.notdef/registered /macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior/threesuperior/acute/mu/paragraph /periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior/ordmasculine/guillemotright/onequarter /onehalf/threequarters/questiondown/Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis /Aring/AE/Ccedilla/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute /Icircumflex/Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis /multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn/germandbls /agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis/aring/ae/ccedilla/egrave/eacute /ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis/eth/ntilde/ograve /oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide/oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex /udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis]def EncodeDict/256 CharCol256Encoding put %%EndResource end reinitialize %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman Pscript_WinNT_Incr begin %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_Euro_L2 5.0 0 /UseT3EuroFont{/currentdistillerparams where{pop currentdistillerparams /CoreDistVersion get 4000 le}{false}ifelse}bind def/NewEuroT3Font?{dup/FontType get 3 eq{dup/EuroFont known exch/BaseFont known and}{pop false}ifelse}bind def /T1FontHasEuro{dup/CharStrings known not{dup NewEuroT3Font?{dup/EuroGlyphName get exch/EuroFont get/CharStrings get exch known{true}{false}ifelse}{pop false} ifelse}{dup/FontType get 1 eq{/CharStrings get/Euro known}{dup/InfoDict known{ /InfoDict get/Euro known}{/CharStrings get/Euro known}ifelse}ifelse}ifelse}bind def/FontHasEuro{findfont dup/Blend known{pop true}{T1FontHasEuro}ifelse}bind def/EuroEncodingIdx 1 def/EuroFontHdr{12 dict begin/FontInfo 10 dict dup begin /version(001.000)readonly def/Notice(Copyright (c)1999 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.)readonly def/FullName(Euro)readonly def /FamilyName(Euro)readonly def/Weight(Regular)readonly def/isFixedPitch false def/ItalicAngle 0 def/UnderlinePosition -100 def/UnderlineThickness 50 def end readonly def/FontName/Euro def/Encoding 256 array 0 1 255{1 index exch/.notdef put}for def/PaintType 0 def/FontType 1 def/FontMatrix[0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0]def /FontBBox{-25 -23 1500 804}readonly def currentdict end dup/Private 20 dict dup begin/ND{def}def/NP{put}def/lenIV -1 def/RD{string currentfile exch readhexstring pop}def/-|{string currentfile exch readstring pop}executeonly def /|-{def}executeonly def/|{put}executeonly def/BlueValues[-20 0 706 736 547 572] |-/OtherBlues[-211 -203]|-/BlueScale 0.0312917 def/MinFeature{16 16}|-/StdHW [60]|-/StdVW[71]|-/ForceBold false def/password 5839 def/Erode{8.5 dup 3 -1 roll 0.1 mul exch 0.5 sub mul cvi sub dup mul 71 0 dtransform dup mul exch dup mul add le{pop pop 1.0 1.0}{pop pop 0.0 1.5}ifelse}def/OtherSubrs[{}{}{} {systemdict/internaldict known not{pop 3}{1183615869 systemdict/internaldict get exec dup/startlock known{/startlock get exec}{dup/strtlck known{/strtlck get exec}{pop 3}ifelse}ifelse}ifelse}executeonly]|-/Subrs 5 array dup 0 <8E8B0C100C110C110C210B>put dup 1<8B8C0C100B>put dup 2<8B8D0C100B>put dup 3<0B> put dup 4<8E8C8E0C100C110A0B>put |- 2 index/CharStrings 256 dict dup begin /.notdef<8b8b0d0e>def end end put put dup/FontName get exch definefont pop}bind def/AddEuroGlyph{2 index exch EuroEncodingIdx 1 eq{EuroFontHdr}if systemdict begin/Euro findfont dup dup/Encoding get 5 1 roll/Private get begin/CharStrings get dup 3 index known{pop pop pop pop end end}{begin 1 index exch def end end end EuroEncodingIdx dup 1 add/EuroEncodingIdx exch def exch put}ifelse}bind def /GetNewXUID{currentdict/XUID known{[7 XUID aload pop]true}{currentdict/UniqueID known{[7 UniqueID]true}{false}ifelse}ifelse}bind def/BuildT3EuroFont{exch 16 dict begin dup/FontName exch def findfont dup/Encoding get/Encoding exch def dup length 1 add dict copy dup/FID undef begin dup dup/FontName exch def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255{1 index exch/.notdef put}for def GetNewXUID{/XUID exch def}if currentdict end definefont pop/BaseFont exch findfont 1000 scalefont def/EuroFont exch findfont 1000 scalefont def pop/EuroGlyphName exch def/FontType 3 def/FontMatrix[.001 0 0 .001 0 0]def/FontBBox BaseFont/FontBBox get def/Char 1 string def/BuildChar{exch dup begin/Encoding get 1 index get /Euro eq{BaseFont T1FontHasEuro{false}{true}ifelse}{false}ifelse{EuroFont setfont pop userdict/Idx 0 put EuroFont/Encoding get{EuroGlyphName eq{exit} {userdict/Idx Idx 1 add put}ifelse}forall userdict/Idx get}{dup dup Encoding exch get BaseFont/Encoding get 3 1 roll put BaseFont setfont}ifelse Char 0 3 -1 roll put Char stringwidth newpath 0 0 moveto Char true charpath flattenpath pathbbox setcachedevice 0 0 moveto Char show end}bind def currentdict end dup /FontName get exch definefont pop}bind def/AddEuroToT1Font{dup findfont dup length 10 add dict copy dup/FID undef begin/EuroFont 3 -1 roll findfont 1000 scalefont def CharStrings dup length 1 add dict copy begin/Euro{EuroFont setfont pop EuroGBBox aload pop setcachedevice 0 0 moveto EuroGName glyphshow} bind def currentdict end/CharStrings exch def GetNewXUID{/XUID exch def}if 3 1 roll/EuroGBBox exch def/EuroGName exch def currentdict end definefont pop}bind def/BuildNewFont{UseT3EuroFont{BuildT3EuroFont}{pop AddEuroToT1Font}ifelse}bind def/UseObliqueEuro{findfont/FontMatrix get dup 2 get 0 eq exch dup 0 get exch 3 get eq and UseT3EuroFont or}bind def %%EndResource end reinitialize 7500 VM? /Times-Roman FontHasEuro not { /Euro.Times-Roman [500 0 24 -14 493 676 ] <A3F8880DC0EB03F854F743950C0C037DA501F7A0BB01F805BB01F91EA501F869F8911584 F73A0576068478827E7F8B087F8B70AC438B082A8BFB0D6471FB700863067C5B05BE068A 7E8B878B7D08750764067D5B05C206A0FB7BF71858E88B088F0AC0EB03F84BF789950C0C 037DA501F7A0BB01F805BB01F91EA501CA8BACAC998B08988B95809076088F0AC0EB03F8 54F743950C0C037DA501F7A0BB01F805BB01F91EA501A00692F73705750675FB09417667 8B083A8B43C182F75E08F7740699BB05FB84069C078B978C978B9708F7950699BB05FBA1 069AF755D5B3D18B08AB8BDD71A2FB0708090E> AddEuroGlyph /Euro /Times-Roman /Times-Roman-Copy BuildNewFont } if F /F0 0 /256 T /Times-Roman mF /F0S32 F0 [50 0 0 -50 0 0 ] mFS F0S32 Ji 1006 164 M (Lesson 9 Data File 1)[30 22 19 19 26 24 13 25 13 36 22 15 22 13 27 12 12 22 13 0]xS N 325 3022 461 57 rp C 1 0 scol L 0 0 scol 325 3067 M (6/29/2006 8:10:53 AM)[25 14 25 25 14 25 25 25 25 13 25 14 25 25 14 25 25 13 35 0]xS N 2038 3022 64 57 rp C 1 0 scol L 0 0 scol 2038 3067 M (1/1)[25 14 0]xS : N 788 447 853 6 rp C L ; : N 788 875 853 6 rp C L ; : N 788 447 6 434 rp C L ; : N 1634 447 7 434 rp C L ; : N 791 450 843 66 rp C 1 0 scol L ; 1006 498 M (weight)[36 22 12 25 24 0]xS 1238 498 M (height)[24 22 12 25 24 0]xS 1444 498 M (strength)[19 15 17 22 24 25 15 0]xS : N 791 450 843 3 rp C L ; : N 959 516 675 72 rp C 1 0 scol L ; : N 791 516 168 72 rp C 1 0 scol L ; 925 564 M (1)S 1100 564 M (132)[25 25 0]xS 1350 564 M (68)[25 0]xS 1600 564 M (5)S : N 791 516 843 3 rp C L ; : N 959 588 675 71 rp C 1 0 scol L ; : N 791 588 168 71 rp C 1 0 scol L ; 925 636 M (2)S 1100 636 M (155)[25 25 0]xS 1350 636 M (71)[25 0]xS 1600 636 M (4)S : N 791 588 843 3 rp C L ; : N 959 659 675 72 rp C 1 0 scol L ; : N 791 659 168 72 rp C 1 0 scol L ; 925 708 M (3)S 1100 708 M (215)[25 25 0]xS 1350 708 M (76)[25 0]xS 1600 708 M (1)S : N 791 659 843 4 rp C L ; : N 959 731 675 72 rp C 1 0 scol L ; : N 791 731 168 72 rp C 1 0 scol L ; 925 779 M (4)S 1100 779 M (165)[25 25 0]xS 1350 779 M (72)[25 0]xS 1600 779 M (2)S : N 791 731 843 3 rp C L ; : N 959 803 675 72 rp C 1 0 scol L ; : N 791 803 168 72 rp C 1 0 scol L ; 925 851 M (5)S 1100 851 M (178)[25 25 0]xS 1350 851 M (71)[25 0]xS 1600 851 M (3)S : N 791 803 843 3 rp C L ; : N 791 450 3 425 rp C L ; : N 959 450 4 425 rp C L ; : N 1184 450 4 425 rp C L ; : N 1409 450 4 425 rp C L ; LH (%%[Page: 1]%%) = %%PageTrailer %%Trailer %%BoundingBox: 15 13 597 780 %%DocumentNeededResources: %%+ font Times-Roman %%DocumentSuppliedResources: %%+ procset Pscript_WinNT_ErrorHandler 5.0 0 %%+ procset Pscript_FatalError 5.0 0 %%+ procset Pscript_Win_Basic 5.0 0 %%+ procset Pscript_Win_Utils_L2 5.0 0 %%+ procset Pscript_Win_GdiObject 5.0 0 %%+ procset Pscript_Win_GdiObject_L2 5.0 0 %%+ procset Pscript_Text 5.0 0 %%+ procset Pscript_Encoding256 5.0 0 %%+ procset Pscript_Win_Euro_L2 5.0 0 Pscript_WinNT_Incr dup /terminate get exec ehsave restore %%Pages: 1 (%%[LastPage]%%) = %%EOF ��%-12345X@PJL EOJ �%-12345X

Salkind_datasets/Teacher Scale - Add Data.sav

Salkind_datasets/Teacher Scale Results.sav

Salkind_datasets/stroke_invalid.sav

RSCH 8200: Quantitative Reasoning and Analysis

Final Project: Developing a Quantitative Research Plan

For the final project, students will develop a quantitative research plan. As such, students have two choices:

· Continue to develop the abbreviated quantitative plan completed in RSCH 8100, or

· Develop a new plan

Please note: This is not meant to be a full research plan in that students will not be constructing data collection instruments or generating data to use. The final project is meant to develop understanding about the relationships between research questions and hypotheses, research design, and statistical tests. For this project, students will consider more the design and methodology of the quantitative research they propose.

The Final Project should include the following:

Title

Introduction

A. Opening statement

B. Background of the study

a. Summary of the literature framing history of the project, using 5 articles related to the problem

b. Gaps and/or deficiencies in prior research

c. Importance of present study

i. Why the study should be pursued

ii. For whom is it important

C. Problem statement

D. Purpose of the statement

a. Research design (experimental, quasi-experimental, or non-experimental)

b. Theory tested or described

c. Intent (describe, compare, relate)

d. Variables (independent, dependent, controlling, intervening)

E. Research question(s) and hypotheses

a. Research question(s)

b. Null and alternative hypotheses for each research question, including how each of the variables will be operationalized

F. Nature of the study

a. Design

i. Paradigm (quantitative)

ii. Design

1. Experimental, quasi-experimental, or pre/non-experimental

2. Specific design (e.g., pre-post test control group, time-series, etc. See Campbell & Stanley 1963.)

iii. Rationale for the design

b. Methodology

i. Population

1. Definition

2. Size, if known, or approximate/estimated size

ii. Sampling

1. Type of sampling

2. How the sample will be drawn

3. Sample size and why chosen in relation to population size

iii. Instrumentation and materials

1. Identify instrument

2. Establish reliability

3. Establish validity

iv. Data analysis plan: indicate what analytical tools will be applied to each set of data collected.

c. Limitations

i. Potential design and/or methodological weaknesses of the study

ii. Explain how the weaknesses will be addressed

iii. Threats to validity and how they will be potentially addressed in the study

d. Ethical Concerns

i. Describe your proposed procedure for providing informed consent and any ethical concerns you may need to address.

G. Significance of the study

a. Practical contributions of the study

b. For whom the study is important

c. Implications for social change

Get help from top-rated tutors in any subject.

Efficiently complete your homework and academic assignments by getting help from the experts at homeworkarchive.com