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Policy Review
Erika Tallent
SOCW 6361
Issue Statement
When people are released from prison, they face an environment that is difficult to navigate, designed to keep them from becoming useful members of their communities. Most ex-offenders are arrested again within three years of their release, with a majority of 77 percent of instances occurring within five years. As the nation's prison population approaches 2 million inmates, recidivism is becoming an issue for both convicts' families and society (Bhandari, 2019). This explains why social reintegration is one of the biggest social problems in the United States. Re-incarceration and unsuccessful re-entry have a devastating impact on communities, families, and individuals. Ex-offenders and those recently released from prison are the most vulnerable populations to this social problem. It is vital to have a thorough grasp of the science of offender reintegration since efficient reintegration of offenders is crucial to crime reduction.
The need for change
After being released from prison, offenders are pushed into a new environment that is very different from their previous one, and many struggle to adapt. Aside from that, due to the dynamic and the always-changing environment, ex-offenders who have spent considerable time in prison are liberated into an environment vastly different from their prior surroundings. This is a serious impediment to criminals' reintegration back into society. Furthermore, re-entry into the workforce is a significant challenge to overcome for persons who have served time in jail. Previously imprisoned individuals have difficulties getting and maintaining employment after being released from prison due to employers' apprehension about hiring people with criminal histories (Weber, 2021). Many offenders have no formal education or work experience, making it strenuous to obtain gainful employment. According to studies, about 60% of criminals and ex-offenders are high school dropouts.
In the aftermath of their imprisonment and engagement with the criminal justice system, many ex-inmates are perceived unproductive and risky by former employers and members of their old professional networks, assuming they ever had one. When ex-convicts combine a restricted professional network with a glaring gap in their resume, it may be very difficult for them to get an interview with a potential employer. An estimated 70 percent of previously jailed males have a history of drug misuse, and a large number of them suffer from physical and mental health problems (Petrich et al., 2022). As a result, employers may not consider them "work-ready," so restricting their employability. The prospect of being sued for damages resulting from "negligent hiring" is a source of anxiety for many firms. Given the possibility that a firm could be held responsible for exposing the employees to a potentially harmful individual, many companies are wary of hiring someone who has a criminal history. This is why lawmakers, the public, and social workers need to advocate for change so that ex-offenders can get a conducive environment that will allow them to smoothly reintegrate back into the community.
If the goal to alleviate the problem is realized.
At any given time, more than 2.1 million individuals are detained in American prisons and jails, and the vast majority of them are released back into their communities after they have been proven innocent or have served a sentence for their criminal action. More than 10 million inmates, including those released from state and federal prisons and those freed from local jails, are released back into the community. Therefore changes to re-entry programs are essential to ensure that all ex-offenders are able to reintegrate into society in a friendly environment. Reforming re-entry programs will become a cornerstone of constructing safe and productive communities by assisting people who have been imprisoned in making a seamless transition back into their communities once they have been freed.
The main obstacles that prohibit ex-offenders from effectively reentering society have been recognized through years of research. The reintegration process has been recommended to begin on the first day of imprisonment. In prison, correctional officers and facility programs should attempt to help the offender develop a pro-social worldview and strong community links and overcome any substance abuse or mental health disorders that may be present. If a person returns to society, their prospects of being a productive member of society are decided by their capacity to discover a meaningful job, find a place to live and get the education and skills necessary to progress in their lives. A successful re-entry program aids persons in overcoming one or more of these obstacles while simultaneously cooperating with other community resources to improve the quality of its services and programs. Through changes in the re-entry programs, former offenders will have the opportunity to support themselves and their families by working in legitimate businesses.
Policy Review
The chosen policy is PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APRIL 9, 2008. This policy aims to break criminal recidivism to promote public safety. The policy is a state statute, and one strength associated with the policy is that it helps rehabilitate ties between offenders and their families after being released. The policy addresses the mentioned social problem since it is intended to positively impact the life outcomes of persons returning to society after being incarcerated (Berghuis, 2018). According to the policy, funding may be allocated to state and locally recognized local governments to support policies and programs intended to reduce recidivism and provide possibilities for those who have been released from juvenile detention centers and prisons.
The policy is divided into four sections: Section A “improvements to current programs," Section B "improvement of offender reintegration services," Section C "prosecution drug treatment alternative to prison program," and Section D, "prosecution drug treatment alternative to prison program." The policy has been in place for 13 years since it was signed into law in 2008. Many stakeholders strongly support and advocate the policy, including state organizations, civil rights agencies, non-profit organizations, and religious groups. Since its implementation in 2008, no changes have been made to the policy.
The mental health of ex-offenders who have been exposed to prison abuse and neglect is generally compromised, and many resorts to substance abuse and drinking to deal with their trauma. As a social worker treating an ex-offender with various traumatic experiences, I would use a trauma-informed approach in my work. By using a trauma-informed lens to approach the problem, I would better understand the client's behavioral and cognitive functioning. As a social worker, I should strive for change since I am safeguarding the rights and liberties of the people, especially for those who have become vulnerable and are suffering in various life circumstances. As long as we abide by the National Association of Social Workers' Code of Ethics. All social workers must provide advocacy and social justice for those who cannot do it by themselves.
References
Berghuis, M. (2018). Re-entry programs for adult male offender recidivism and reintegration: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, 62(14), 4655-4676.
Bhandari, C. (2019). Social dialogue: A tool of social reintegration and post-conflict peacebuilding in Nepal. Asian Journal of Peacebuilding, 7.
Petrich, D. M., Cullen, F. T., Lee, H., & Burton, A. L. (2022). Prisoner Re-entry Programs. In Handbook of Issues in Criminal Justice Reform in the United States (pp. 335-363). Springer, Cham.
Weber, S. (2021). From gender-blind to gender-transformative reintegration: women’s experiences with social reintegration in Guatemala. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 23(3), 396-417.
Week 10: Social Change Project
Throughout the course, you have taken specific, actionable steps for social change. The work you have done, when collected and viewed as a single artifact, is your Social Change Project.
Consider the major milestones you already completed for your Social Change Project. How has your work, as well as the feedback you received from your colleagues and Instructor, in the following areas helped to inform you evolving approach to advocacy and policy analysis?
· Week 2: Final Project Milestone 1: Identification of a Social Problem
· Week 4: Final Project Milestone 2: Issue Statement and Identification of a Policy
· Week 6: Final Project Milestone 3: Social Advocacy Proposal
· Week 8: Final Project Milestone 4: Policy Alternative
Additionally, you reviewed seminal and emerging literature for advocacy strategies that can guide your actions and ultimately help you convert your goals for change into policy that drives change. You also practiced your advocacy in the form of oral and written communications—skills that will help you navigate different power dynamics, build critical relationships, and influence decision makers to support your advocacy efforts. How has this work helped to shape your advocacy skills and prepare you for interactions with decision makers?
Reflecting on your work—your ongoing practice as a social work professional—often leads to enhanced patterns in your practice. This week, you submit a report on your comprehensive Social Change Project. This is an opportunity to reflect on your work over the term, including the conclusions you reached regarding the connections between social work practice and advocacy, and consider how you can continue to develop your advocacy skillset to make social change a reality in your communities.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
· Analyze the relationship between social work practice and advocacy
· Analyze important takeaways through each stage of the social change project
· Identify opportunities for improvement in policy implementation practices
· Propose next steps for advocacy as a social worker
Learning Resources
Required Readings
Jansson, B. S. (2018). Becoming an effective policy advocate: From policy practice to social justice (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
· Chapter 13, “Troubleshooting the Implementation of Policies in Task 7” (pp. 460–487)
For your Assignment this week, you will submit your Final Project—the culmination of the Social Change Project you have been actively working on throughout this course. You will review your past Final Project Milestone Assignments, reflect on your experiences and
Assignment: Social Change Project: Final Project Report
Over the past several weeks, you have analyzed a policy related to a social problem and have advocated for change. For this Assignment, you submit your final report and present on your experience and the outcomes of your Social Change Project.
To Prepare:
· Read Chapter 13 of the Jansson text.
· Review the feedback you received on the following Assignments:
· Final Project Milestone 1: Identification of a Social Problem (Week 2)
· Final Project Milestone 2: Issue Statement and Identification of a Policy (Week 4)
· Final Project Milestone 3: Social Advocacy Proposal (Week 6)
· Final Project Milestone 4: Policy Alternative (Week 8)
· Select at least five scholarly sources to support your final report. The sources can be from the Learning Resources throughout the course or from your own independent literature searches.
By Day 7
Submit a 2- to 3-page final report of your Social Change Project. The final report should include the following:
· Provide a brief synopsis of the social problem and policy you identified.
· Describe the steps of your project:
· How did your experiences as a social work professional and your own goals for advocacy inform your selection of a social problem?
· How did your knowledge of, or prior experiences with, the social problem inform your policy analyses?
· What did you learn through each step, including your selection of a social problem, identification of a policy, proposal for advocacy, and recommendation for a policy alternative?
· Reflecting on your experience, identify 2–3 opportunities for growth. What would you do differently based on your recent learnings?
· For example, you might select a different policy alternative that would be better received by elected officials (or other decision makers in a position of power). Or you might use different strategies when speaking in front of a group to advocate for change.
· Explain how policy relates to direct practice.
· Describe how you will apply advocacy skills as a social worker.
· Be sure to incorporate at least five scholarly articles you found using standard APA format.
To read Chapter 13:
https://online.vitalsource.com/#/user/signin?userCheckReturnTo=/reader/books/9781337514330/pageid/67
username: [email protected]
password: Landon2019!
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Social Advocacy Proposal
Erika Tallent
SOCW 6361
Synopsis of the social problem
Men and women who have been released from prisons find it difficult to reintegrate back into their communities because they lack enough preparation, assistance, and resources. A felony conviction on one's criminal record usually hinders employment opportunities, public housing aid, and access to social programs. Re-entry into the workforce is a major problem for persons who have served time in prison. Employers are wary of hiring people with criminal records, so formerly incarcerated persons have difficulty finding and keeping work after they are released (Poledna, 2021). Communities, families, and people are affected by re-incarceration and failed re-entry. The most vulnerable populations to this social problem are ex-offenders and those who have recently been released from prison.
Synopsis of the policy
The chosen policy is PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APRIL 9, 2008. This policy aims to break criminal recidivism to promote public safety. The policy is a state statute, and one of its benefits is that it aids in the rehabilitation of connections between offenders and their families once they have been released. Because it is designed to positively impact the life outcomes of those who return to society after being incarcerated, the policy addresses the aforementioned social problem (Holden, 2018). According to the policy, funding may be allocated to state and locally recognized local governments to support policies and programs intended to reduce recidivism and provide possibilities for those who have been released from juvenile detention centers and prisons.
Reason for selecting the policy
As a policy advocate, I chose P.L. 110-199 as a strategy for promoting social reintegration changes. Samuel Brownback and Robert Portman were the bill's original sponsors, and it was signed into law on APRIL 9, 2008. One of the main reasons for choosing this approach is that changing the bill to enable effective re-entry of ex-convicts into society reduces the likelihood of returning to prison and eliminates the need to rely on relatives for necessities. Furthermore, re-entry into the workforce is a huge problem for people who have served time in prison. Employers are hesitant to hire persons with criminal backgrounds, making it difficult for previously incarcerated people to find and keep jobs once they are released from prison (Liberman, Hussemann & McKeever, 2021). Since many offenders lack formal schooling or job experience, finding profitable employment can be difficult. Aside from that, the fact that this policy addresses a long-standing issue of social reintegration that has plagued society throughout history is another reason to choose this policy.
People who enacted the policy
The bill was initially proposed by Samuel Brownback and Robert Portman and later signed into law on APRIL 9, 2008. The statute reauthorized the establishment of a grant program for the reintegration of adult and juvenile ex-offenders into society. It also calls for improvements in reentry planning and implementation. It directs the Attorney General to develop a Juvenile Offender Reentry Resource Center to collect data and assist grantees in implementing reentry programs.
Ways the policy impacts populations.
One of the major impacts of this policy on populations includes its ability to facilitate increased flexibility during the re-entry of youths and adults who have served their time in prisons. According to recent polls, the P.L. 110-199 policy has reduced recidivism among males in many states three years after its introduction, making it a promising legislation for reducing criminal recidivism. Since its inception, the policy has consistently provided re-entry services such as housing and employment assistance, substance abuse treatment, and victim support, all of which are critical for persons being released from prison (Doherty, 2018). Although the strategy has made significant progress in guaranteeing the smooth reintegration of ex-offenders, it has seen little development in states such as Missouri, Alabama, and Virginia.
After being released from prison, offenders are pushed into a new environment that is very different from their previous one, and many struggle to adapt. Aside from that, ex-offenders who have spent significant time in prison are released into an environment that is radically different from their previous surroundings due to the dynamic and constantly changing environment. When most of them fail to have a support system, they often fall into depression, anxiety, and stress, and some often find themselves engaging in criminal activities. Therefore, from a clinical setting, necessary changes must be made to the policy to reduce the likelihood of ex-prisoners falling into depression or getting re-arrested again.
Plan for social change
To reform this policy and improve the rights of ex-convicts, it is critical to strive toward decreasing discrimination and stigma through normalization. People need to understand that ex-offenders are people like them and that they have reformed and are ready to be integrated back into the community. By lobbying for this policy, the issue of social reintegration will be normalized, and awareness raised through local programs and activities will go a long way toward ensuring that the community aids in the smooth reintegration of ex-offenders. Acquiring assistance from stakeholders while incorporating social media to competitively work towards normalized social reintegration will be critical.
References
Doherty, M. (2018). Public law. Routledge.
Holden, M. V. (2018). The Second Chance: A Movement to Ensure the American Dream. UMKC L. Rev., 87, 61.
Liberman, A., Hussemann, J., & McKeever, B. (2021). Juvenile Second Chance Act Participation in Virginia: Impact on Rearrest, Reconviction, and Reincarceration. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 60(3), 196-214.
Poledna, S. (2021). SOLUTION-FOCUSED APPROACH IN PREPARING INMATES FOR SOCIAL REINTEGRATION. Analele Ştiinţifice ale Universităţii» Alexandru Ioan Cuza «din Iaşi. Sociologie şi Asistenţă Socială, 14(1), 63-70.
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Identification of a Social Problem
Erika Tallent
SOCW 6361
Walden University
Date: 3/13/22
Describe a current social problem and the vulnerable population it impacts.
Social Reintegration is one of the biggest social problems in the United States. More than 500,000 individuals are freed from prison every year, with three-quarters of those released being apprehended again within five years of their release. Men and women who have been released from correctional facilities find it difficult to reintegrate into their communities because they lack enough preparation, assistance, and resources. Employment chances, public housing assistance, and access to social services are all affected by a felony conviction on one's criminal record. For those who have served time in jail, re-entry into the workforce is a significant concern. Employers are wary of hiring people with criminal backgrounds, and as a result, freed convicts have a difficult time obtaining and maintaining employment after being released (Obatusin & Ritter-Williams, 2019). Having even a minor criminal record creates major barriers to employment and has far-reaching consequences. Re-incarceration and unsuccessful re-entry have a devastating impact on communities, families, and individuals. Ex-offenders and those recently released from prison are the most vulnerable populations to this social problem. People from minority groups, notably young black men and those with limited educational opportunities, have been disproportionately harmed by this social problem.
How/when has this problem been identified historically, and what were the actions taken to address this concern?
When a person is released from prison, it is generally a very joyous day in their lives for them. It may be thrilling to be reunited with loved ones and the rest of the free world. To expect that the reintegration process into society would be painless, on the other hand, would be a mistake. Former criminals face several difficulties as they strive to rebuild their life. This is particularly true for those who have served a long prison sentence and are on parole. Since the construction of the first jail in the 1770s, the challenges of prisoner re-entry into society have been a long-standing source of concern in the community. Throughout the twentieth century, however, the issue of discrimination against ex-offenders gained momentum in the public discourse.
To address this issue, the United States government has developed a variety of interventions that take place after an arrest to divert offenders away from the criminal justice system and onto a more appropriate measure, such as restorative justice or appropriate therapy, if necessary. After incarcerating criminals, community-based sanctions are used to assist ex-criminals in reintegrating into society rather than subjecting them to imprisonment's marginalizing and harmful effects. Individuals who have been sentenced to prison may use correctional programs in jail and aftercare services following their release. These programs are designed to assist jailed individuals in their efforts to reintegrate into society and lead law-abiding lives. In recent years, more emphasis has been placed on developing comprehensive interventions to provide frequent assistance to offenders both inside and outside of prison.
How have the populations affected by the social problem changed over time?
Ex-offenders who have challenges integrating back into society often find themselves reoffending. Since the 1980s, this issue has been more frequent, especially among male ex-offenders. According to the National Institute of Justice, over 43 percent of people recently released return to prison within a year of their release date. The majority of the 500,000 offenders freed in 35 states in 2020 were caught for a new crime within three years of their parole, followed by 78 percent within six years and 82 percent within nine years (Oliveira & Graca, 2021). An extensive number of other factors have a role in recidivism, including the individual's circumstances before imprisonment, events during their incarceration, and the period after their release from prison. Because it is difficult for them to reintegrate into 'regular' society, one of the biggest reasons they wind up back in jail is because they cannot find work. Many offenders fear their upcoming release because they believe that their lives will be different "this time," which does not always materialize.
How might this social problem be incongruent with social work values/ethics?
Re-entry into society after a traumatic event, rehabilitation, or jail may be challenging for the individual and their family members to navigate. Most of the time, there are several hurdles in the path of these individuals being mentally healthy, physically clean, and law-abiding citizens. So many social workers are trained to help persons who are reentering society, as well as their relatives and friends who are trying to aid them. Social workers play a critical role in re-entry programs in the United States and throughout the globe, particularly in prisons. Social workers' responsibilities include, among other things, ensuring the well-being of vulnerable ex-offenders and providing support for their families (Nixon, 2020). Many social worker degrees are offered with various specialties, including jail social work at certain institutions. The goal of these programs is to address the unique difficulties that people who are jailed experience while also making certain that these persons are treated with dignity and worth in the same manner that everyone else is. Individual counseling, treatment assessments for appropriate programs, and group programs are all carried out by social workers to strengthen and support ex-offenders who have been released from prison.
· Describe the next steps for how you will identify a policy.
The stages of establishing a policy included identifying the problem, creating evaluation criteria, producing alternative policies, analyzing other policies, and finally picking one chosen policy. The chosen policy is PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APRIL 9, 2008. This policy aims to break criminal recidivism to promote public safety (Davis, 2018). One strength of this policy is that it helps rehabilitate ties between offenders and their families after being released. The limitation of this policy to solving the identified social issue is that it does not encourage the development and promotion of evidence-based measures that increase public safety and reduce recidivism. It is necessary to revise this policy, particularly how ex-offenders are prepared to reintegrate into society. To provide continuous assistance to criminals both inside and outside of prison, greater emphasis should be placed on developing complete therapies that are based on a continuity of care. Before being released from prison, offenders should begin preparing for reintegration into society. Interventions should be designed to enable their speedy transfer from prison to community, reinforce the changes achieved during in-prison treatment, and continue until they have successfully reintegrated into their communities.
References
Davis, C. (2018). The Iconic Impact of Substance Use and High Recidivism in the Criminal Justice System: An Exploration of Interventions Within America's Most Costly" Solution".
Nixon, S. (2020). ‘Giving back and getting on with my life’: Peer mentoring, desistance and recovery of ex-offenders. Probation Journal, 67(1), 47-64.
Obatusin, O., & Ritter-Williams, D. (2019). A phenomenological study of employer perspectives on hiring ex-offenders. Cogent Social Sciences, 5(1), 1571730.
Oliveira, L., & Graca, D. (Eds.). (2018). Infocommunication skills as a rehabilitation and social reintegration tool for inmates. IGI Global.
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Final Project Milestone 4-Policy Alternative
Erika Tallent
SOCW 6361
Walden University
Social Problem
One of the biggest social problems in the United States is social reintegration. More than 500,000 individuals are freed from prison every year, with three-quarters of those released being apprehended again within five years of their release. Lack of enough preparation, guidance, and resources after being released forces them back to crime. A felony conviction on one's criminal record usually hinders employment opportunities, public housing aid, and access to social programs. Re-entry into the employment world is a major problem for ex-offenders since public members view them as potential threats to their business (Zhang & Qiu, 2018). Having a small criminal record puts you at a significant disadvantage in the job market and has far-reaching effects. Re-incarceration and unsuccessful re-entry have a devastating impact on communities, families, and individuals. The most susceptible demographics to this social issue are ex-offenders and those who have just been released from jail.
What is the policy alternative?
For years, the PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APRIL 9, 2008 has sought to reduce criminal recidivism by rehabilitating convicts and reuniting them with their families after their release. Because it is designed to positively impact the life outcomes of those who return to society after being incarcerated, the policy has been somehow effective in solving the problem of social reintegration. Since not all policy changes can be accepted, policymakers must have a backup plan if the initial policy fails. In this case, the suggested policy alternative is the Corrections and Recidivism Reduction Act of 2016 (CRRA). Through this policy, the DOJ is required to: (a) come up with programs for recidivism reduction; (b) create a prisoner needs and risk evaluation system; and (c) carry out research on recidivism reduction programs and needs assessment tools (Butts & Schiraldi, 2018). This Act also mandates that community correctional organizations enhance policies and procedures for crime victims, educate personnel on evidence-based approaches, and set aside a part of the funding for the program evaluation study.
What changes (s) in the policy alternative are necessary, and where will they need to occur (local or state)?
Since CRRA is federally mandated and funded, changes must begin at the national level and work their way down to the state level. The federal government should consider how stronger reintegration programs and incentives for ex-offenders in the community will benefit individuals and the whole community.
Is this policy alternative congruent with social work values? Explain.
The suggested policy alternative is in line with the ideals of social work. As social workers, our main goal is to improve human well-being and help those in need. The CRRA is connected with social work values since it focuses on supporting ex-offenders in reintegrating seamlessly back into society. Men and women who have been released from correctional institutions sometimes struggle to reintegrate into their communities due to inadequate preparation, guidance, and resources (Stern et al., 2022). Fortunately, ex-offenders can now obtain the help they need to reintegrate back into society. Making financial resources available and accessible to all ex-offenders will help individuals that are currently denied employment opportunities.
What is the feasibility of the alternative policy (political, economic, and administrative)?
The Corrections and Recidivism Reduction Act of 2016 is feasible politically, economically, and administratively because it is based on changing the way money is spent on recidivism and controlling crime. Crime has a huge impact on Americans' well-being and tax-funded resources. These expenditures are exacerbated by a cycle of criminality leading to more than 50% re-arrest rates for freed American convicts. Prison reforms that are rigorous and evidence-based, such as the CRRA, will help break the crime cycle, decrease future crime, and save imprisonment costs by permitting more effective re-entry into the workforce after release (Hatfield, 2021). We reviewed the evidence on the underlying factors that determine the value of such prison policy. We discovered significant variation in effectiveness across federal and state programs, suggesting that reallocating budgets from low-performing to high-performing programs could reduce spending while also improving results. We also find evidence that this policy can reduce crime and save money in the long term by cutting jail expenses. Cost-effective policies save at least one dollar in crime and jail expenses for every dollar invested.
Does the policy alternative meet the policy goals (e.g., social equality, redistribution of resources, social work values, and ethics)?
This policy alternative meets the policy goals of redistribution of resources, social equality, and social work policies by increasing the efficiency and efficacy of the Federal prison system.
What are the forces that are for the policy? What are the forces that are against the policy?
Not all decisions we make please everyone; there will always be those who disagree and others who will gather behind us to support us. I would say the forces for this policy are those individuals being released from prison and other humanitarian organizations. Given that this policy promotes ex-prisoners easy reintegration back into society, I don't believe there is any force that opposes it.
How can policy advocacy skills be used to support the policy alternative?
One of the best policy advocacy skills that can be used to support this policy alternative is building expertise. Developing competence in policy advocacy is critical to a problem's effective resolution. The best approach to acquiring these skills is to educate oneself on the many facets of certain problems and the most appropriate style of advocacy necessary. To provide light on the different methods in which related issues have been resolved in the past, a thorough study regarding any similar or related problems that have happened in the past must be conducted (Guillemet, 2019). Developing the right attitude is another crucial advocacy skill that can be utilized to promote this policy alternative. Having the appropriate attitude is a key policy advocacy skill that greatly influences one's efficiency and success.
How does the policy alternative affect clinical social work practice with clients?
The present policy impacts social workers' clinical practice with clients because state and municipal governments set the tone for how much money will be distributed, which translates into giving help to families on a local, statewide, and even worldwide level.
What changes could be made in the policy to support the needs of clients seeking clinical services?
Based on the NASW Code of Ethics, we have an obligation to our clients, and our main job is to support their well-being. In general, our work prioritizes the needs of our customers, and we must fight for their rights. Social work ideals, such as justice for the economically and socially underprivileged, are expressed in numerous ways. Advocacy is emphasized as a key principle in social work school. This obligation is emphasized in the Code of Ethics. Even if there are substantial reservations about advocacy's efficiency, social workers will find it difficult to withdraw from it since it is embedded in the professional culture. The changes that can be made to the policy to support clients seeking clinical support are to be more open-minded around the issue and acknowledge the need for more transparency in the implementation process.
References
Butts, J. A., & Schiraldi, V. N. (2018). Recidivism Reconsidered: Preserving the community justice mission of community corrections.
Guillemet, K. B. (2019). Rehabilitation and Restoration: Effective Correctional Approaches for Recidivism Reduction and Their Application in Los Angeles County. UCLA Criminal Justice Law Review, 3(1).
Hatfield, M. A. (2021). The Potential of Community Corrections to Reduce Mass Incarceration in the USA. In Global Perspectives on Reforming the Criminal Justice System (pp. 145- 161). IGI Global.
Stern, J. E., McBride, M. K., Carroll, M., Baker, A., & Savoia, E. (2022). Practices and Needs in Reintegration Programs for Violent Extremist Offenders in the United States: The Probation Officer Perspective.
Zhang, S. X., & Qiu, G. (2018). Psychosocial interventions for substance-abusing criminal offenders: borrowing US experience for the Chinese context. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 24(2), 155-169.

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