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Week Four: Evaluation Data Sources and Development of Instruments
Jane Doe
The University of Arizona Global Campus
RES7440: Advanced Study in Qualitative Research (QAF135DS)
Dr. John Doe
September 21, 2021
Week Four: Evaluation Data Sources and Development of Instruments
Overview of The Data Source
A questionnaire is an instrument of research used to collect information from respondents and consists of questions and other prompts. A questionnaire can be open-ended or closed-ended although most research questionnaires are usually a mixture of the two. Questionnaires can be used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data depending on the type of research being conducted (Mutepfa & Tapera, 2019). Open-ended questions in questionnaires allow the respondent to express their thoughts, unlike close-ended questions. A questionnaire may be used as an independent data source in research or can be administered as part of a survey. Questions in a questionnaire are usually simple and easy for the respondent to understand (Mutepfa & Tapera, 2019).
The main purpose of a questionnaire in research is to obtain data from the respondents. This data is in turn used to make meaningful insights regarding the research topic, such as hypothesis testing. According to Salemink et al., 2020, questionnaires help in accomplishing the research objectives (p.691). Through multiple-choice questions and ranking or rating scales, questionnaires help the researcher collect information on attitudes, behaviors, opinions, and preferences. Using closed-ended questions, the researcher gets to gather information based on facts. Another purpose of a questionnaire is to avoid bias in research because a well-written questionnaire collects accurate information and avoids bias (Mutepfa & Tapera, 2019).
A well-designed questionnaire allows a researcher to gather a lot of information within a short time and is therefore quick and cost-effective. Responses gathered from questionnaires can also be compared with historical data to determine changes in the choices and experiences of respondents. Questionnaires also allow for anonymity as respondents can answer the questions without revealing their identities. A good research questionnaire should be uniform so that all respondents answer the same questions. It should also be exploratory enough not to limit data collection. There should be a structured flow of questions in questionnaires so that participants can easily respond to them (Mutepfa & Tapera, 2019).
This data source is a study by Zou et al. which was published in 2020. The title of the study is "The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on firms: a survey in Guangdong Province, China". In this study, the authors aimed to assess how the pandemic has impacted firms. The researchers conducted a survey in 15 cities in Guangdong province and involved 524 firms in the study. The firm's executives were the respondents to the questionnaire which was developed from previous studies and consisted of 17 questions (Zou et al, 2020).
The questionnaire as a source of data was appropriate for this study because it allowed the researchers to collect information from their relatively large sample within a short time (10th to 25th April 2020). The researchers were also able to meet their research objectives such as confidentiality of information by using the questionnaire (Zou et al, 2020). The questionnaire allowed the researchers to explore various factors that were potentially affected by Covid-19 in the firms by gathering opinions as well as facts. These included such factors as stability and response to a crisis. The questionnaire was also appropriate as it allowed the researchers to explore the expectations of the firms
Questionnaire
The following are the questionnaires that I will use as data sources for my research:
Survey on the effects of working from home due to the Covid-19 pandemic on workplace continuity
I. Employee
1a. Before the pandemic have you ever worked from home before?
A. Yes
B. No
b. If yes, what level of prior training on working from home have you received?
A. Untrained
B. Fairly trained
C. Highly trained
2. What challenges are you facing from having to work from home?
3. What advantages do you see in working from home during the pandemic?
4. On a scale of A-E, rate the company's efforts in ensuring workplace continuity during this pandemic.
A. Very high
B. High
C. Average
D. Low
E. Very low
II. Employers
1. To what extent has the pandemic affected production and operations in your company?
A. Serious impacts that have led to difficulties in business operations
B. Great impact where it is hard to maintain operations
C. Small impact that causes a little difficulty in business operations although the company is stable
D. No impact
E. Positive impact that has presented new opportunities
2. What are the challenges your firm is currently facing?
A. Salaries and insurance
B. Accounts payable
C. Loan repayments
D. Rent
E. Cancellation of orders
3. With most employees working from home due to the Covid-19 pandemic, have your company reduced or increased the number of employees?
A. Reduced
B. Remained the same
C. Increased
4. What is the company's contingency plan for critical roles now that employees are working from home?
5. How is the company ensuring that communication is maintained even as employees work from home?
6. What is the main challenge that the company is facing in maintaining workplace continuity?
A. Engaging employees
B. Communication challenges
C. Operational costs
D. Appropriate tools for remote work
7. Briefly explain your choice in 6 above.
References
Mutepfa, M. M., & Tapera, R. (2019). Traditional survey and questionnaire platforms. Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences, 541-558. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roy-Tapera/publication/323168303_Traditional_Survey_and_Questionnaire_Platforms/links/5a89bed4aca272017e62161c/Traditional-Survey-and-Questionnaire-Platforms.pdf
Salemink, I., Dufour, S., & van der Steen, M. (2020). A vision on future advanced data collection. Statistical Journal of the IAOS, 36(3), 685–699. https://doi-org.proxy-library.ashford.edu/10.3233/SJI-200658
Zou, P., Huo, D., & Li, M. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on firms: a survey in Guangdong Province, China. Global Health Research and Policy, 5(1), 1-10. https://doi-org.proxy-library.ashford.edu/10.1186/s41256-020-00166-z
1
Week
Four
:
Evaluation Data Sources and Development of Instrume
nts
Jane Doe
The
University
of Arizona Global Campus
RES74
40
:
Advanced Study
in Qualitative Research
(QA
F135DS
)
Dr.
John Doe
September
21,
2021
1
Week Four: Evaluation Data Sources and Development of Instruments
Jane Doe
The University of Arizona Global Campus
RES7440: Advanced Study in Qualitative Research (QAF135DS)
Dr. John Doe
September 21, 2021
10/1/21, 12:36 AM https://au.waypointoutcomes.com/assessment/23750/preview
https://au.waypointoutcomes.com/assessment/23750/preview 1/2
Description:
Total Possible Score: 29.00
Distinguished - Chooses two different methodological approaches to studying desired topic and eloquently describes them.
Proficient - Chooses two different methodological approaches to studying desired topic and describes them.
Basic - Chooses one different methodological approach to studying desired topic and describes it.
Below Expectations - Does not correctly describe two different methodological approaches to studying desired topic.
Non-Performance - Does not choose two different methodological approaches to studying desired topic.
Distinguished - Eloquently describes the research problem, questions, and inquiry approaches to be used for the methodological approaches. Provides support from the literature.
Proficient - Describes the research problem, questions, and inquiry approaches to be used for the methodological approaches. Provides support from the literature.
Basic - Describes the research problem, questions, and inquiry approaches to be used for the methodological approaches.
Below Expectations - Incorrectly describes the research problem, questions, and inquiry approaches to be used for the methodological approaches.
Non-Performance - Does not describe the research problem, questions, and inquiry approaches to be used for the methodological approaches.
Distinguished - Correctly describes how the design addresses the problem, purpose and research question(s) of the study. Gives eloquent explanation.
Proficient - Correctly describes how the design addresses the problem, purpose, and research question(s) of the study. Gives adequate explanation.
Basic - Correctly describes how the design addresses the problem, purpose, and research question(s) of the study.
Below Expectations - Incorrectly describes how the design addresses the problem, purpose, and research question(s) of the study.
Non-Performance - Does not describe how the design addresses the problem, purpose, and research question(s) of the study.
Distinguished - Eloquently describes procedures in place to ensure trustworthiness of data. Provides support from the literature.
Proficient -Describes procedures in place to ensure trustworthiness of data. Provides support from the literature.
Basic - Describes procedures in place to ensure trustworthiness of data.
Below Expectations - Incorrectly describes procedures in place to ensure trustworthiness of data.
Non-Performance - Does not describe procedures in place to ensure trustworthiness of data.
Distinguished - Displays meticulous comprehension and organization of syntax and mechanics, such as spelling and grammar. Written work contains no errors and is very easy to understand.
Proficient - Displays comprehension and organization of syntax and mechanics, such as spelling and grammar. Written work contains only a few minor errors and is mostly easy to understand.
RES7440.W6A1.09.2018
Chooses Two Different Methodological Approaches (Different from Intended Design if Have One) to Studying Desired Topic
Total: 4.35
Describes the Research Problem, Questions, and Inquiry Approaches Used for the Methodological Approaches
Total: 4.35
Describes the Problem, Purpose, and Research Question(s) the Specific Case Study Design Addresses
Total: 4.35
Describes Procedures in Place to Ensure Trustworthiness of Data Total: 4.35
Written Communication: Control of Syntax and Mechanics Total: 5.80
10/1/21, 12:36 AM https://au.waypointoutcomes.com/assessment/23750/preview
https://au.waypointoutcomes.com/assessment/23750/preview 2/2
Basic - Displays basic comprehension of syntax and mechanics, such as spelling and grammar. Written work contains a few errors which may slightly distract the reader.
Below Expectations - Fails to display basic comprehension of syntax or mechanics, such as spelling and grammar. Written work contains major errors which distract the reader.
Non-Performance - The assignment is either nonexistent or lacks the components described in the instructions.
Distinguished - Uses more than the required number of scholarly sources, providing compelling evidence to support ideas. All sources on the reference page are used and cited correctly within the body of the assignment.
Proficient - Uses the required number of scholarly sources to support ideas. All sources on the reference page are used and cited correctly within the body of the assignment.
Basic - Uses less than the required number of sources to support ideas. Some sources may not be scholarly. Most sources on the reference page are used within the body of the assignment. Citations may not be formatted correctly.
Below Expectations - Uses an inadequate number of sources that provide little or no support for ideas. Sources used may not be scholarly. Most sources on the reference page are not used within the body of the assignment. Citations are not formatted correctly.
Non-Performance - The assignment is either nonexistent or lacks the components described in the instructions.
Distinguished - Accurately uses APA formatting consistently throughout the paper, title page, and reference page.
Proficient - Exhibits APA formatting throughout the paper. However, layout contains a few minor errors.
Basic - Exhibits limited knowledge of APA formatting throughout the paper. However, layout does not meet all APA requirements.
Below Expectations - Fails to exhibit basic knowledge of APA formatting. There are frequent errors, making the layout difficult to distinguish as APA.
Non-Performance - The assignment is either nonexistent or lacks the components described in the instructions.
Written Communication: Resource Requirement Total: 2.90
Written Communication: APA Formatting Total: 2.90
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