1-______________ took up the most time at the 1879 constitutional convention. A-Funding for public schools B-Reorganizing the judicial system C-Regulation of corporations D-Determining water rights 2-What was the MOST important reason why California agriculture was so modest in the 1860s? A-Farmers’ reliance on only a few crops B-Farmers’ ignorance of farming technology C-Insufficient water supplies D-Limited markets for its products 3-What accounted for the large increase in population growth in Oakland in the 1870s? A-Its location as the terminus of the Central Pacific Railroad B-Its high concentration of entrepreneurs and businessmen C-Its ability to manufacture fine furniture from the surrounding oak trees D-Its status a major deep-water port 4-In 1880 the most important water pollution issue involved A-pesticides. B-heavy-metal contamination. C-industrial wastes. D-mining debris. 5-In the 1870s, workers were MOST likely to blame which of the following for their economic troubles? A-Mexican Americans B-Northern European immigrants C-The Chinese D-African Americans 6-California’s most important export in the 1870s and 1880s was A-manufactured goods. B-lumber. C-wheat. D-gold.

7-California wheat growing boomed during the 1870s primarily because of demand from A-local markets. B-national markets. C-regional markets. D-foreign markets. 8-What was California’s major industry between 1870 and 1900? A-Mining for gold and other minerals B-Manufacturing C-Fruit and specialty crops D-Timber 9-The first preservation efforts by California environmentalists focused on A-Lake Tahoe. B-the Santa Barbara coast. C-the Yosemite area. D-the redwoods. 10-What were the two key targets of the Workingmen’s Party of California? A-Farmers and miners B-Skilled labor and European immigrants C-Capitalists and the Chinese D-Catholics and African Americans 11-Which of the following did NOT hurt labor unions in the 1860s and 1870s? A-An influx of cheap goods from the East B-The Panic of 1873 C-An influx of workers from the East D-Passage of the eight-hour work day 12-Culture in California from 1850 to 1900 can BEST be characterized as A-innovative. B-plain. C-derivative. D-unique.

13-The 1879 constitution A-lowered taxes for farmers. B-forbade discrimination against minorities. C-was favored by the owners of Southern Pacific D-gave women the vote. 14-Farmers and urban shippers were MOST unhappy with the Central/Southern Pacific Railroad because of its A-political influence. B-impact on court decisions. C-shipping rates. D-bribery scandals. 15-Of the following cities, which was MOST vociferously opposed to railroad interests from 1870-1900? A-Los Ángeles B-San Francisco C-Sacramento D-Oakland 16-In the 1870s, the development of agricultural water was hindered most by A-inadequate mapping of California’s rivers and streams. B-contradictory water laws. C-farmers’ lack of concern about watering their crops. D-lack of proper technology. 17-Railroads gave the greatest benefits to those A-who were laborers for the railroad companies. B-who could afford to pay the fares. C-who were already prosperous. D-who lived farthest from the tracks. 18-The Exclusion Act of 1882 A-required deportation of all Chinese in California. B-was almost immediately ruled unconstitutional. C-was based on a treaty between China and the United States. D-excluded all minorities equally.

19-Which business sector did the MOST to promote California agriculture? A-Railroads B-Steamship companies C-Manufacturers of farm machinery D-Wagon builders 20-The leader of the Workingmen’s Party of California was A-George Frederick Keller. B-Denis Kearney. C-William T. Coleman. D-Bret Harte. 21-San Joaquin Valley cities such as Fresno, Modesto, and Merced were started by A-Spanish missionaries. B-mining companies. C-companies affiliated with the railroad. D-agricultural cooperatives. 22-California’s first public university was established in A-San Francisco. B-Los Ángeles. C-Sacramento D-Berkeley. 23-What geographic feature made San Francisco MOST attractive as a major center of international and national trade? A-Its hilly terrain B-Its deep-water port C-Its location on a peninsula D-Its pleasant summer temperatures 24-In the 1860s, which city in the Far West was MOST prominent? A-Seattle B-San Francisco C-Sacramento D-Portland

25-The price of wheat plummeted by 1890 primarily because of A-overproduction. B-government policies that put a low price ceiling on wheat. C-decreased demand. D-government subsidies of Plains states farmers. 26-In which era was the MOST damage done to California’s environment? A-American B-Spanish C-Native Californian D-Mexican 27-Which southern California city benefited the MOST from railroad transportation in the 1870s? A-San Diego B-Riverside C-Santa Barbara D-Los Angeles

1-Theodore Judah did all of the following, EXCEPT A-made unrealistic cost estimates of railroad construction B-died in New York on a trip to raise funds from eastern tycoons. C-approved the giving contracts to Crocker’s construction company. D-helped get passage of the Pacific Railway Act of 1862. 2-The Pacific Railway Act of 1862 was insufficient to ensure the creation of a transcontinental railway primarily because A-it did not provide adequate funds. B-it did not have the support of southern states C-it applied to any company that wanted to build a railroad. D-it did not provide adequate protection from Indian raids. 3-This was the greatest impact of the Civil War on California: A-shortage of supplies and disruption of commerce. B-political upheaval between Republicans and Democrats. C-the potential for violence between pro-South and pro-North factions. D-the loss of men who went to fight the war. 4-The Pacific Railway Act of 1864 A-doubled the land grant given to the railroad companies. B-forbade the use of Chinese labor in railroad construction. C-had little impact on the completion of the transcontinental railroad. D-was not a significant improvement from the 1862 law. 5-In 1863, ______________ used his connections in the east to get loans for the Central Pacific Railroad. A-Mark Hopkins B-Leland Stanford C-Charles Crocker D-Collis P. Huntington 6-Who constructed the first railroad in California? A-Leland Stanford B-Charles Crocker C-Theodore Judah D-Mark Hopkins

7-Which political party dominated California politics in the 1860s? A-Republican Party B-Whig Party C-Progressive Party D-Democratic Party 8-The Big Four created the Southern Pacific Company A-as a way to avoid the debts of the Central Pacific Railroad. B-in order to make it easier to manage their many different holdings. C-to oversee their various philanthropic activities D-because they were forced to by government regulators. 9-By 1860, what new situation provided more impetus for creating a railroad across the Sierra? A-The success of the Comstock Lode in Nevada B-The near unanimous backing of California business interests C-Federal subsidies for railroads D-New technology for building railroads over mountains 10-Which of the following was NOT one of the “Big Four” of the Central Pacific Railroad? A-Leland Stanford B-Theodore Judah C-Charles Crocker D-Mark Hopkins 11-In 1861, ___________ was elected governor of California. A-William Gwin B-Mark Hopkins C-John C. Frémont D-Leland Stanford 12-The first rail line in California started at A-Sacramento. B-Stockton. C-San Jose. D-San Francisco.

13-Which of the following regions saw the MOST construction of local rail lines through 1866? A-San Joaquin Valley B-San Francisco Bay Area C-Southern Sierra Nevada D-Northern Sacramento Valley 14-Why was the plan presented by Theodore Judah for a transcontinental railroad rejected by Congress in 1860? A-It provided no details about how the railroad would be constructed. B-It had no significant backing in California. C-It was opposed by many Southerners. D-It did not advocate public subsidies. 15-Which of the Big Four were most well-known for opposition to racial prejudice and discrimination? A-Hopkins and Crocker B-Crocker and Huntington C-Stanford and Crocker D-Hopkins and Stanford 16-Completion of the Dutch Flat Toll Road A-created a major competitor for the Central Pacific Railroad. B-occurred after the completion of the railroad across the Sierra Nevada. C-allowed the Big Four to dominate commerce with the Comstock Lode. D-was done under the supervision of Theodore Judah. 17-Which of the following reasons BEST accounts for sluggish population growth in California in the latter half of the 1850s? A-Immigrants dislike of the climate B-No government incentives for having children C-Insufficient food to feed everyone D-Declining profits from gold mining 18-The Central Pacific Railroad relied primarily on ______ laborers to lay the tracks over the Sierra Nevada. A-Indian B-Irish

C-Chinese D-black 19-Once the tracks over the Sierra Nevada were completed, building the remaining track to Promontory Point, Utah A-was excruciatingly slow. B-could not take place. C-was very rapid. D-proceeded at a leisurely pace. 20-After 1870, most new railways in California A-went bankrupt. B-consolidated with each other to counterbalance the Big Four. C-were successful. D-were acquired by the Big Four. 21-In 1870, the western terminus of the Central Pacific Railroad was in A-Oakland. B-Sacramento C-San Francisco. D-Benicia. 22-Which of the Big Four was most responsible for getting supplies and credit for the Central Pacific Railroad? A-Hopkins B-Crocker C-Stanford D-Huntington 23-The Big Four of the Central Pacific Railroad were strong supporters of the _______ Party. A-Whig B-Free Soil C-Republican D-Democratic 24-The MOST important reason why Congress didn’t pass a transcontinental railroad bill in the 1850s was

A-no support for it in California. B-lack of support from the Republican Party. C-political wrangling. D-no suggestions on how to pay for it

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