Paper:

Discuss at least two historical challenges urban planners have overcome. Be sure to include lessons learned for today’s public planners. Discuss the background, evolution, current status of each challenge, and lessons learned for today’s public planners. Explain the reasoning for your selections as a viable tool for today’s public planner.

NOTES: (below is information lifted for reference from the websites listed in the reference section.

· Agreements signed in 1977, including subsequent amendments, allow the Tribe and the City of Palm Springs to work closely together on development projects on reservation lands.  These agreements define the process by which development projects on the reservation are reviewed.

· the Palm Springs area has been home to the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians for generations. Archaeological research has discovered that the Cahuilla have occupied Tahquitz Canyon for at least 5,000 years, mirroring the migration stories of the Cahuilla people.

· Later, in 1877, President Hayes extended it to cover the even numbered sections in three townships, which totaled some 30,000+ acres. All of the land was tribally-owned. The Government had previously given the odd-numbered sections to the railroad in the early 1870s as an incentive to build a cross-country rail line. On January 12, 1891, the US Congress passed the Mission Indian Relief Act, authorizing allotments from the acreage comprising the Reservation. However, more than 50 years passed before the allotment elections were approved by the Secretary of the Interior. An allotment is a land parcel owned by a Tribal Member. The Equalization Act of September 21, 1959 finalized the individual Indian allotments. On a combined basis, the Tribe and its members currently represent the largest single land owner in Palm Springs.

· On May 15, 1876, Section 14 and a portion of Section 22 (Tahquitz Canyon) were set aside by Executive Order of President Ulysses S. Grant as the Agua Caliente Indian Reservation.

http://www.visionaguacaliente.com/history/

http://www.visitpalmsprings.com/palm-springs-history

http://www.aguacaliente.org/content/History%20&%20Culture/

http://www.ci.palm-springs.ca.us/government/departments/planning/for-land-development

HISTORICAL URBAN CHALLENGES – PALM SPRINGS

Historical Urban Challenges

Leigh Gileno

PPA401: Urban Management

Professor Angela McCormick

December 11, 2017

There is no question that when it comes to establishing a territory for people to live, there is great consideration and planning that must take place in order to provide life sustaining quality for not only people but also for the environment that includes wildlife and vegetation. This paper will focus on the challenges that the City of Palm Springs has faced over the last one hundred and forty years that incorporates the reservation boundaries and jurisdictional boundaries that overlap. Learning to respect a sovereign nation in order to develop land owned by the state has had many ups and downs.

On May 15, 1876, Section 14 and a portion of Section 22 (Tahquitz Canyon) were set aside by Executive Order of President Ulysses S. Grant as the Agua Caliente Indian Reservation (Vision Agua Caliente, 2017). It would take over eighty-three years before The Equalization Act that was established in September 1959 to finalized the individual Indian allotments. During this period, many people ranging from soldiers, explorers to colonizers would come through the area. The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians are the largest single land owner in Palm Springs. Because of this ownership, the City of Palm Springs must maintain a cohesive and respectful relationship in order to provide goods and services to the city. Because the Indians own every other square mile within the City, developing city streets and residential neighborhoods have been a challenge.

Due Date: 12/11

Please use one Excel file to complete this case study, and use one spreadsheet for one problem. Finally, upload the Excel file to the submission link for grading.No credit will be granted for problems that are not completed using Excel.

Wal-Mart is the second largest retailer in the world. The data file (WalMart_revenue.xlsx) is included in the Excel data zip file in week one, and it holds monthly data on Wal-Mart’s revenue, along with several possibly related economic variables.

(a) Develop a multiple linear regression model to predict Wal-Mart revenue, using CPI, Personal Consumption, and Retail Sales Index as the independent variables.

(b) Find the residuals and the predicted values for the multiple regression model, and then plot the residuals against the predicted values by Excel’s scatter chart (Insert tab > Charts > Scatter chart). Comment on what you see on the plot.

(c) Does it seem that Wal-Mart’s revenue is closely related to the general state of the economy?

Identify and remove the four cases corresponding to December revenue.

(d) Develop a multiple linear regression model to predict Wal-Mart revenue, using CPI, Personal Consumption, and Retail Sales Index as the independent variables.

(e) Find the residuals and the predicted values for the multiple regression model, and then plot the residuals against the predicted values by Excel’s scatter chart (Insert tab > Charts > Scatter chart). Comment on what you see on the plot.

(f) Does it seem that Wal-Mart’s revenue is closely related to the general state of the economy?

(g) Compare the results of parts (a) and (d), which of these two models is better? Use R-square values, adjusted R-square values, Significance F values, and p-values to explain your answer.