Reshmee Varma

Philosophy 300

Early Age Marriages In India

Early marriage is a phrase used to describe a situation where a child is married before the required age. The Indian prohibition of Child Marriage Act of 2006 defines the minimum marriage age for girls as over 18 years. However, the Act is violated since 45% of girls are wedded below 18 years in India. Among the major causes of early marriage is religion. The essays context will focus on causes of girls early marriages which are linked to religion.

Running head: 3D PRINTED AND CONVENTIONAL PROSTHETIC LIMBS 1

3D PRINTED AND CONVENTIONAL PROSTHETIC LIMBS 2

SEE MY NOTES BELOW IN CAPS

ANY SAFE ASSIGN PROBLEMS? OK

GRADE FOR THIS DRAFT -- PAPER GRADE / grammar grade D / B-

FOLLOW-UP WORK After completing the drafts of the first and second sections of your paper send—via attachment to an email—the paraphrased selections which the instructor BOLDED. Use the Paraphrase Check Work form explained in Module #10 webinar to share your bolded paraphrase and the original source material you used to create each paraphrase selection. SEE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dsUZQ2Kz7dI

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

3D Printed and Conventional Prosthetic Limbs

Name: Chanyez Chamberlain

Institution: York College

Date: 4/19/2018

INSERT PAGE BREAK BETWEEN COVER PAGE AND BODY OF THE PAPER

MAIN QUESTION??? >>> Can 3D printed limbs be a more effective alternative to conventional prosthetic limbs?

FOLLOW ARE NOT THE THREE SECTION QUESTIONS AS REQUIRED

1. Can 3D printed prosthetic limbs be more cost effective than conventional prosthetic limbs? FOCUS HERE IS ONLY ON COST --

2. What is the cost of material for creating 3D printed limbs?

3. What is the cost of material for creating conventional prosthetic limb?

4. How does the cost of shipping 3D printed limbs versus conventional prosthetic limbs compare?

5. What is the accessibility of each for low-income families?

MUST HAVE ONLY THREE SECTION QUESTIONS - NOT THE COMMON THEMES OF EACH BP IN THIS SECTION -- PLEASE REFER TO EXAMPLES

Can 3D printed prosthetic limbs be more

cost effective than conventional prosthetic limbs? USE TITLE CASE

Technology creates a higher level of engagement where it is possible to achieve an improved level of effectiveness under which it is possible to improve the lives of individuals. <<,THIS IS CONFUSING -- NOT SURE WHAT THE POINT IS OR WHAT IT RELATES TO -- PLEASE CONSIDER RE-WRITING WHAT IS UNDERLINED ?>>>The conventional hypothetic limb is an artificial device, which replaces a missing leg, which might be lost in different ways such as trauma, congenital conditions or disease. They have a fundamental purpose where they are aimed at restoring standard functionality of an individual limb. The need for a more efficient limb has led to a more significant technology innovation where there is need to achieve a higher level of engagement based on the need for a transformative technology. <<,THIS NEEDS TO BE SHOWN -- HAS NOT AT THIS EARLY STAGE OF THE PAPER Printing 3D limbs have to provide a very different perspective where patients in need of artificial limbs can be fitted. 3D legs are more efficient, cost-effective and have less detrimental an individual health and well-being. WHERE DO YOU DEFINE WHAT THIS TECHOLOGY IS -- HOW IT DEVELOPED -- AND WHETHER THERE IS A NEED FOR IT -- THAT THERE IS A PROBLEM THAT NEEDS TO BE SOLVED -- SHOULD COME FIRST IN THIS PAPER

What is the cost of material for creating 3D printed limbs?

SPELL OUT TERM>>> PROFITABLE IS NOT THE SAME AS COST EFFECTIVE FOR THE PATIENT >>> 3D printed prosthetic limbs are more profitable than conventional prosthetic limbs. The cost aspect that is considered in this case involves the cost of production, purchase, and transportation. The 3D printed prosthetic limbs is a significant innovation, which has sought to create highly modernized limbs, which can help an individual carry out their activities without considerable challenge. The 3D printed limbs are particular to each patient since there is need to ensure that they are compatible with the system of the patient to achieve a higher level of efficiency (Ventola, 2014). NO FOCUS HERE -- RELATES TO MANY DIFFERENT THEMES -- IS NOT SYNTHESIZED -- NOT DEVELOPED -- NO PASS BP

1. PROFITABLITY

2. PRODUCTION COST

3. COST TO THE PATIENT

4. COST OF TRANSPORTING

5. IMPORTANT INNOVATION IN THIS TECHOLOGY --

6. DESIGNEDN FOR EACH PATIENT

What is the cost of material for creating conventional prosthetic limb?

The cost of material for creating a conventional prosthetic limb is very high and thus fewer individuals can afford the conventional limbs since they involve many steps, which consume a lot of time during production time and therefore has a significant influence on the overall production cost for the traditional prosthetic limbs. The development of a single prosthetic limb based on the traditional approaches takes approximately a week. THERE IS NOT SUPPORT FOR THIS THEME -- THAT CONVENTIONAL ARTIFICIAL LIMBS ARE TOO COSTLY -- NO PROOF OF THIS CONTENTION - NOT SURE WHAT THE PURPOSE OF THIS BP IS -- NEEDS WORK -- NO PASS BP

How does the cost of shipping 3D printed limbs versus conventional prosthetic limbs compare?

The prosthetic need to be built and sized manually and thus to have mass production, there is a need for high labor, which automatically leads high cost of production where the cost of production is passed to patients, which limit their ability to create a higher engagement. <<<THIS IS AN OVERLY LONG TOPIC SENTENCE -- HOW CAN YOU SEE THIS THEME SIMPLY The cost of conventional prosthetic limb varies based on the type of the limb that is purchased. The cost varies from $5,000 and 100,000 for an advanced myoelectric arm controlled by muscle movements (Diment, Bergmann & Thompson, 2017). NO DEVELOPMENT -- NO SYNTHESIS - NO PASS BP

What is the accessibility of each for low-income families?

The 3D printed prosthetic limbs cut the cost and production time significantly. The 3D printed prosthetic limbs are expected to be produced at 80% faster rate than the conventional prosthetic limbs from one week to 1.5 days and developed efficiently with specific adaptability to specific patients. A printed 3D printed prosthetic limbs costs approximately $20, which is a tiny fraction of the total cost of conventional prosthetic limb, which costs up to $100,000. The 3D printed limbs are very useful based on high-level technology, which is essential in deciding its influence on the many patients who are in need of prosthetic limbs (Laszczak et al., 2015). NO SYNTHESIS -- LITTLE DEVELPMENT OF THIS BP THEME --

UNCLEAR WHAT THIS TOPIC SENTENCE MEANS -- WRITE CLEARLY AND DIRECTLY SO THAT YOUR READER UNDERSTAND THE TOPIC SENTENCE OF EACH BP >>> The low cost of 3D printed limbs has created a favorable environment where they are highly engaged access difference social classes including low-income families who can afford a 3D printed prosthetic limb. The cost when taking into consideration the training on how to use is still manageable and thus creates a higher level of engagement across different countries. NO PASS BP -- NOT SCCUDy

There is need to focus on 3D printed limbs based on the high degree of efficiency and cost effectiveness which ensures that everyone who requires prosthetic limbs can get them at a very affordable cost. A more significant engagement provides a profoundly transformed focus where there is need to improve services delivery within the development of prosthetic limbs.

Module #9 – page 12

MODULE #9 NOTES:

HAND-IN Draft of the First Section of the Research Paper – (drafts of the first two sections of your research paper are worth 10% of the final grade). You will be using all of the skills you have learned this semester to write SCCUDy BPs.

Goal of this module: Answer the first section question with 3 to 6 SCCUDy BPs.

Go to the end of these notes for a sample section draft with instructor’s comments to a student’s first draft of a section of her paper. >>>>>>

____________________________________________________________

Instructions for writing the first draft of the 1st section of your paper:

· Develop the first section questions from your outline into a 2-3 page, double-spaced paper (use Arial or Times New Roman font; 12 pt.). Use at least two sources in this paper.

· SECTION Introduction & Concluding paragraphs. The draft of the 1st section must include a brief introduction paragraph to the section -- containing the following

· Introduce the section paragraph -- Include:

· Rationale for the section question.

· Connecting the section question with the main research question.

· Concluding the section paragraph -- Include:

· Summary of an answer to the section question.

· Reference to ideas that support this summary.

· Use ALL of the techniques you learned in writing the Objective Synthesis paper

· Begin every BP with a topic sentence. Unity is key to a successful SCCUDy BP

· Paraphrase source materials – put ideas into your own words.

· Paraphrases MUST reflect the meaning of the source.

· Do not use more than two brief quotations in the entire section draft. This paper must reflect your ability to paraphrase and summarize source ideas into your own words.

· Synthesize at least two sources in each BP. THIS IS IMPORTANT—THIS IS A SYNTHESIS PAPER!

· Cite all sources.

· Each section of your paper must include from 4 – 6 body paragraphs.

· The draft of the 1st section of your research paper must be in paragraph form. DO NOT use bulleted or numbered lists.

· Include a References page for the sources referred to in the drafted section. This must be in correct APA format.

· Include a cover page at the beginning. See below for a sample cover page.

· Give the paper a title. Do not use the research question as the title.

· Use a running head with page numbers and brief version of paper title.

· Proofread for grammar and sentence sense.

I suggest that you work on these steps with a Writing Center tutor.

FURTHER EXPLANATION for writing this draft of the first section of your research paper:

· You might think of your main research paper in this way You are writing three 2-page papers that when put together with an introduction and conclusion equals the 8 – 10 page semester research paper project.

· Be sure to use your research note cards to aid you in writing the paper. These notes WILL NOT be collected.

FURTHER NOTES ON WRITING RESEARCH PAPER BODY PARAGRAPHS--WORKING WITH AN OUTLINE:

Following is an example of drafting a BP from an outline

Paragraph from outline: II A Topic sentence is underlined

NOTE: The BP above sticks to the theme presented in the topic sentence; thus, it is unified. It coherently moves from idea to idea because of its clear transitions. And it is synthesized and correctly cited. A problem with this BP is that it needs more development as it is too brief.

Citing too much? When and how often do you cite sources? You should not plagiarize; therefore, you must cite so that the reader will know which writers are receiving credit. But what if you cite too much? Or too little? Here is an example; I cited the single source four times. Is this a little too many times?

GO TO THE NEXT PAGE FOR NOTES IN INTRODUCING THE SECTION QUESTION

Introducing EACH section of the paper - See the figure below:

· Each of the three colored boxes represents one section of your research paper.

· Each section will contain four to six BPs (body paragraphs); each BP must be SCCUDy synthesized – cite – coherent – unified – developed

· Note how each section of your paper begins with a brief intro that will help your reader know what that section will cover and explain why it is included. This beginning paragraph explains to your reader how the section will help answer the main research question:

1 st Section Question – Brief Intro 2 nd Section Question – Brief Intro 3 rd Section Question - Brief Intro MAIN RESEARCH QUESTION Section One Section Two Section Three

Review of above This diagram illustrates that

· Each section of the research paper should be briefly introduced.

· This ‘internal intro’ should lead the reader into the new section and justify how it will help answer the main research question.

· It should refer to the previous section of the paper.

I refer you to a sample student paper which follows this organization

“Playing with children's minds: The psychological effects of tobacco advertising on children” by Joanna Hull >>> http://bit.ly/17hHC75

By writing this draft of the first section of your paper, you will have the opportunity to make needed corrections for the second draft of this section. You will have a better idea of how to proceed with the rest of your research paper.

___________________________________________________________________________

Adding a Header to your paper. Use the following directions to insert a brief title of your paper and page numbers as a running header throughout your paper using WORD 2007 – this will be demonstrated in the next group webinar:

1. Go to “Insert”

2. Click on “Page Number”

3. Choose “Top of page”

4. Choose the one that places the page number to the right side of the page –“Plain #3”

5. To the left of the page number, type a shortened version of the title of your paper.

6. Put a couple of spaces between title and number. Hit “Close Header Footer”

If you are using earlier versions or WORD:

1. Go to “View” – “Header Footer”

2. Make sure that the box that opens is at the top of the screen and reads “Header”

3. Right align your cursor –Then, type in a brief version of the title of your paper – Then, add two spaces.

4. In the dialogue box click first icon “Insert page number.”

5. Click “Close.” The header will automatically be inserted at the top of all the pages in the file.

Margins, spacing, indentation, pagination:

1. The APA calls for "at least one inch" margin all the way around the text.

2. The APA also stipulates that a paper should contain no more than twenty-seven lines of text (not including the header). The maximum length of a line of text should be six and one-half inches.

3. One-double space between lines, paragraphs and between titles and the first sentence of the text that follows. Add an extra line between sections.

4. Indent the first word of each new paragraph and paginate the paper on the upper right hand side.

REMEMBER – Use the Microsoft WORD Paragraph Tool to format the paper as shown in previous webinar meeting

___________________________________________________________________

BEFORE YOU WRITE THIS DRAFT OF THE FIRST SECTION OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER - DO THE FOLLOWING

Class Discussion:

Explain the first section of your paper to your study partner

· What will this first section cover? How does it help answer your main research question? What sort of information will be included in this first section?

· Do you have enough information to support each body paragraph? Do you need to do more research to write SCCUDy BPs?

· Will you be able to synthesize ALL of the section’s BPs? Do you know which authors you will bring together in each of the BPs?

In-text citation GOALS:

General GOALS.

References page GOALS.

Finally, make sure that you are using the required format for the research paper:

· Creating a Header for your paper – see below

· Formatting of the cover page – see below

· Formatting APA paper margins

REMEMBER Be sure to examine and proofread your DRAFT OF THIS SECTION OF YOUR paper before or after you send it to the professor. This will help you to remember the important skills you need to display throughout the research paper.

When you are done with this drafted section -- What should you be doing to continue to work on your Research paper?

· Continue to search for more articles.

· Continue to read, annotate and take relevant and useful notes.

· Re-examine your outline; re-look at it to see if it still makes sense to you. Work from the Main Research Section questions Sub points for each section question sub sub points for each sub point.

· Begin drafting a second section.

· Any other ideas????

SEE FOLLOWING PAGE FOR A SAMPLE COVER PAGE & FOR A SAMPLE OF A WELL-ORGANIZED DRAFTED SECTION OF A RESEARCH PAPER. This is a first draft so it needs further work

DRAFT OF THE FIRST SECTION OF

Neuromarketing: A New Era of Consumer Research

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for

Writing 303

Submitted by

Mary Doe

York College

Jamaica, New York 11451

November 3, 2007

MAIN RESEARCH QUESTION: Is neuromarketing research giving marketers and advertisers the keys to the consumer decision-making process?

Section #1 – What is neuromarketing? What are the techniques used?

Section #2 – What is the purpose of neuromarketing in advertising?

Section #3 – In what ways are neuromarketing harmful to social cohesion?

What Is Neuromarketing?

And What Are the Techniques Used?

Over the last decades marketers and advertisers have been using various techniques, such as focus groups, personal interviews, and observation in order to gain some insights on how consumers formulate their decisions and choices. Nowadays, companies have switched their interest towards some highly advanced techniques used in the fields of neuroscience and psychology. This new approach is called neuromarketing.

Unlike focus groups and traditional market research tools, neuromarketing is totally a new discipline in dealing with the consumer behavior. According to Zaltman (2004) neuromarketing is a new approach that combines psychology, neurology, and marketing in order to explain the various mental processes within the consumer s’ brain during the shopping period. Although this research is still new to guarantee its finding, many companies have shown interest in investing and profiting from this advanced technique (Singer, 2004). And, in order to determine if neuromarketing research is really proving its effectiveness in tracking and analyzing the brain responses of the consumer ; it is first necessary to begin by defining and examining two techniques which are used in this field: The functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique and the Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique (ZMET).

The fMRI technique uses scan machines in order to diagnose brain reactions during specific moments. Shabner (2004) indicates that during the fMRI research, individuals are put inside scanners and shown images and pictures of some products. After being asked about the way these products are used, scan machines track the different reactions of the brain then provide snapshot images of the brain’s responses based on those individuals’ thoughts.In order to discover the consumer shopping habits, scientists use this technology to scan blood flow in the brain. This is because most brain parts involved in the test receive high level of blood flow (Witchalls, 2004). Similarly, Zaltman (2004) explains that fMRI technology shows brain parts that light up accordingly with the blood flow. Furthermore, Burne (2003) points out that these scanners were first used for medical reasons. The purpose was to study brain parts that respond to movement and emotion. He reports that recently the use of these scan machines has been switched to serve the need of marketing. In fact, these scanners provide some new insights to the consumer hidden thoughts and subconscious (Zaltman, 2004).

Whereas the fMRI technique scans the brain of the consumer in order to explain his reaction to the different stimulus, the ZMET appears to be slightly different in nature. According to Seaton (2002) this technique was first invented by Gerald Zaltman, a Harvard business school marketing professor and one of the first marketing techniques to be protected by the government and to get a patent number. She adds that the test starts with asking participants one week earlier to collect pictures and images they associate with the products being tested. Kelly (2002) indicates that after the collection of pictures a digital collage is made to those images using Adobe Photoshop. This helps identifying the association between the participant, the pictures, and the product. Furthermore, the ZMET is an approach that uses the disciplines of neurology, psychoanalysis, and linguistics to explain the brain processes that shape the consumer behavior and hence shed a light on the brain’s activity (Pink,1998. Kelly (2002) reports that head of scientists leading the research, concludes that the use of metaphors is very important in a sense that it could influence the human behavior and explain the consumer s’ hidden thoughts. Pink (1998) agrees on the same statement and admits that the ZMET is a very powerful technique in dealing with subconscious acts because it can decrypt the languages of the brain (emotions, feeling, and fear). He also emphasizes that ZMET research is "a technique for eliciting interconnected constructs that influence thought and behavior" (Pink, 1998).

After defining and examining some of the techniques that neuromarketers and scientists employ in order to dig inside the mind of consumers, it is very important to proceed by investigating the intended goal and questioning the real purpose of neuromarketing research.

References

Burne, J. (2003, November 28). A probe inside the mind of the shopper. Financial Times. Retrieved from http://www.financialtimes.com

Kelly, M. (2002, December 3). The science of shopping. CBC News. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/consumers/market/files/money/science_ shopping/index.html

Pink, D. (1998). Metaphor marketing. Fast Company, (14). Retrieved from http://www.olsonzaltman.com/

Schabner, D. (2004, January 13). Playing with your mind: Is neuromarketing research giving advertisers the keys to your decision-making? ABCNEWS.COM. Retrieved from http://www.commercialalert.org/index.php/external/

true/article_id/212

Seaton, J. (2002, June). Power of association. Marketing Business. Retrieved from http://www.olsonzaltman.com/

Witchalls, C. (2004, March 22). Pushing the buy button. Newsweek. Retrieved from http://www.newsweek.com

Zaltman, G. (2004, June 12). Inside the mind of the consumer. The Economist, 371(8397), 4-5. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com

Number of sources: 1 Writing Style: Other Type of document: Editing Edit my 8 slides into 4 slides. and Edit and remove plagiarism at Early_Age_Marriages_in_India.docs Using Plagiarim Report Early_Age_Marriages_in_India (2).docs Academic Level:Undergraduate Order Instructions: Please revise, edit my 8 slides into 4 slides and check for Plagiarism. I will upload my essay the plagiarism report and slide please take information from there as well.

Reshmee Varma

Philosophy 300

Early Age Marriages In India

Early marriage is a phrase used to describe a situation where a child is married before the required age. The Indian prohibition of Child Marriage Act of 2006 defines the minimum marriage age for girls as over 18 years. However, the Act is violated since 45% of girls are wedded below 18 years in India. Among the major causes of early marriage is religion. The essays context will focus on causes of girls early marriages which are linked to religion. Comment by PlagScan: Possible sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition_of_Child_Marriage_Act,_2006 https://www.scribd.com/document/329233631/Child-marriage-a-critical-analysis Comment by PlagScan: Possible source: https://www.scribd.com/document/329233631/Child-marriage-a-critical-analysis Comment by PlagScan: Possible source: https://www.dangerous.com/33741/india-is-closing-the-child-marriage-loophole-that-dodges-underage-consent-laws/ Comment by PlagScan: Possible sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition_of_Child_Marriage_Act,_2006 https://www.scribd.com/document/329233631/Child-marriage-a-critical-analysis https://www.dangerous.com/33741/india-is-closing-the-child-marriage-loophole-that-dodges-underage-consent-laws/ Comment by PlagScan: Possible source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition_of_Child_Marriage_Act,_2006