ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS

POLICY TO ACTION

Lesson 1

PRESIDENTIAL DOCTRINE / FOREIGN POLICY ANALYSIS PAPER

Objective

Summarize major historical periods of presidential doctrines that have significantly shaped U.S. foreign policy. As stated in the “U.S. Presidential Doctrine” reading, “[Presidential Doctrines] are all notable for how they have shaped U.S. influence and standing in the world (positively or negatively), and collectively have contributed to the modern global environment and the place in it the U.S. holds” (various sources, n.d.).

Instructions

· Paper Preparation

· Review the Analysis Paper IMI presentation, and the rubric (below) for this assignment

· Review the Presidential Doctrine reading, and other resources as necessary

· Choose a major historical period of presidential doctrine (as presented in IMI):

· 19th and early 20th Century

· Second half of 20th Century

· Early 21st Century

· Summarize your historical period, focusing on the following issues:

· the relevant conditions of the environment contributing to that historical period

· the problem that gave rise to the presidential doctrine

· the approach characterized by the foreign policy focus of the doctrine

Paper Structure

· Use APA format (double spaced, 12-point font in Times New Roman, etc.)

· 750-1000 words

· Title Page

· Abstract (150-250 words) Required for this Assignment

· Introduction, Body and Conclusion

· APA-formatted References (minimum 2), with matching in-text citations for each reference

Resources

· https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

· http://www.apastyle.org

· http://owl.excelsior.edu/posts/view/148

Due Date

· End of week 16

Rubric – Policy to Action Assignment 1 – Presidential Doctrine/Foreign Policy Analysis Paper - 160 pts total

Guiding Questions:	Distinguished	Proficient	Basic/Below
Does the student summary incorporate relevant conditions of the environment contributing to a particular historical period/epoch? 40 pts max	Summary incorporates one period/epoch accurately. Description of relevant conditions (both current and future) of the environment includes abundant detail and/or examples. 40 – 36 pts	Summary incorporates one period/epoch accurately. Description of relevant conditions (both current and future) of the environment includes some detail and/or examples. 35 – 28 pts	Summary incorporates one period/epoch accurately. Description of relevant conditions of the environment includes limited detail and/or examples. Description of current and/or future conditions is inadequate, or omitted entirely. 27 pts and below
Does the student summary address the problem that gave rise to the presidential doctrine? 40 pts max	Summary describes problem in abundant detail. Summary also incorporates both opportunities (to be leveraged) and challenges (to be overcome) to achieving the future state, with abundant detail and/or examples. 40 – 36 pts	Summary describes problem with some detail. Summary also incorporates one or both of opportunities (to be leveraged) and/or challenges (to be overcome) to achieving the future state, with some detail and/or examples. 35 – 28 pts	Summary describes problem incompletely or not at all. Summary lacks detail and/or examples regarding opportunities (to be leveraged) and challenges (to be overcome) to achieving the future state. Summary might fail to include either opportunities or challenges. 27 pts and below
Does the student summary address the approach characterized by the foreign policy focus of the doctrine? 40 pts max	Summary addresses the approach accurately and with abundant detail and/or examples. Summary clearly explains the relationship between the identified problem and the approach. 40 – 36 pts	Summary addresses the approach accurately and with some detail and/or examples. Relationship between the identified problem and the approach is somewhat clear. 35 – 28 pts	Summary of approach is inaccurate. Summary addresses the approach with little detail and/or examples. Relationship between the identified problem and the approach is unclear. 27 pts and below
Did the paper utilize structures or organization appropriate to an analysis paper, and was it of sufficient scope and length? 20 pts max	The paper is very well organized in a manner highly appropriate to this assignment and is of excellent scope: · Has well-developed organizing structures such as a clear thesis (if applicable), intro, body, conclusion · The overall strategy for organizing an analysis paper is well-developed with paragraphs containing clear specifics and transitions · Conveys information highly efficiently (fairly broad scope) w/in 750-1000 words 20 – 18 pts	The paper is organized in a manner appropriate to the assignment and fulfills the length requirement: · Has organizing structures, e.g. thesis (if applicable), intro, body, conclusion · A strategy for organizing an analysis paper may be only partially applied; uses organization in most paragraphs with some specifics and transitions · Conveys information well (sufficient scope) within 750-1000 words 17 – 14 pts	At best, the paper uses a limited amount of organization appropriate for this assignment and may or may not fulfill the length requirement: · May lack organizing structures, e.g. thesis, intro, body, conclusion · The organizing strategy for an analysis paper is inconsistent at best; uses limited organization, somewhat inconsistent specifics and transitions · May not adhere to the specified length requirement, scope might be too broad or narrow 13 pts and below
Did the use of mechanics, syntax, style, and APA format complement or detract from the quality of the paper? 20 pts max	Possesses proficiency in the use of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and acronyms with a limited number of minor errors. Uses voice and tense consistently and correctly overall. APA format is used consistently and correctly with only minor typographical errors. 20 – 18 pts	Occasional grammar, punctuation, spelling, or acronym errors. May contain some errors of voice or tense, but these do not seriously interfere with the message. May contain some APA errors. 17 – 14 pts	Numerous errors with grammar, spelling, punctuation, and acronyms interfere with the message of the paper. Uses passive voice and first or second person. Many APA errors. Errors detract from the message of the paper. 13 pts and below
Total 160 pts max	Instructor Feedback
	See paper for instructor comments and information concerning points assessed.

 Answer these questions:

(a) How does the ALU know which function to perform?

(b) Explain clearly how the fetch-decode-execute cycle works. (What are its steps? Explain each step)

(c) Why is it that if MARIE has 4K words of main memory, addresses must have 12 bits?

(d) What is an opcode?

(e) Explain the functions of all of MARIE's registers.

(f) Explain each step the the MARIE instruction STORE performs.

(g) Describe how an interrupt works and name four different types.

Answer exercise 13 on page 283.

A digital computer has a memory unit with 24 bits per word. The instructions set consists of 150 different operations. All instructions have an operation code part (opcode) and an address part (allowing for only one address). Each instruction is stored in one word memory.

a) how many bits are needed for the opcode?

b) how many bits are left for the address part of the instruction?

c) what is the maximum allowable size for memory?

d) what is the largest unsigned binary number that can be accommodated in one word memory?

Answer exercise 14 on page 283 .

A digital computer has a memory unit with 32 bits per word. The instruction set consists of 110 different operations. All instructions have an operation code part (opcode) and two address fields: one for a memory address and one for a register address. This particular system includes eight general-purpose, user-addressable registers. Registers may be loaded directly from memory and memory may be updated directly from the registers. Direct memory-to-memory data movement operations are not supported. Each instruction is stored in one word of memory.

a) how many bits are needed for the opcode?

b) how many bits are needed to specify the register?

c) how many bits are left for the memory address part of the instruction?

d) what is the maximum allowable size for memory?

e) what is the largest unsigned binary number that can be accommodated in one word of memory?

Answer exercise 24 on page 285 .

Consider the MARIE program below.

a) list the hexadecimal code for each instruction.

b) draw the symbol table.

c) what is the value stored in the AC when the program terminates?

hex address label instructions

100 start, LOAD A

101 ADD B

102 STORE D

103 CLEAR

104 OUTPUT

105 ADDI D

106 STORE B

107 HALT

108 A, HEX 00FC

109 B, 14-Dec

10A C, HEX 0108

10B D, HEX 0000

Answer exercise 25 on page 285

Consider the MARIE program below.

a) list the hexadecimal code for each instruction.

b) draw the symbol table.

c) what is the value stored in the AC when the program terminates?

hex address label instructions

200 begin, LOAD base

201 ADD Offs

202 loop, SUBT One

203 STORE Addr

204 SKIPCOND 800

205 JUMP Done

206 JUMPI Addr

207 CLEAR

208 done, HALT

209 base, HEX 200

20A Offs, 9-Dec

20B One, HEX 0001

20C Addr, HEX 0000

Answer exercise 29 on page 286 .

Write the following code segment in MARIE’s assembly language:

If x>1 then

Y=x+x;

X=0;

Endif;

Y=y+1;

Answer exercise 30 on page 286 .

If x<=y then

Y=y+1;

Else if x !=z

Then y=y-1;

Else z=z+1;

Answer Exercises 2 a&b on page 189

        For guidance, look at Exercises 1 a & B and their solutions on page 835.

        SHOW YOUR INTERMEDIATE COLUMNS that lead you to the final column solution.

Construct a truth table for:

a) xyz + x(yz)’ + x’(y + z) + (xyz)’

Solution Using Boolean Identities

DeMorgan’s Law: = xyz +x (y’+z’) + x’(y + z) + (xyz)’

Distributive Law: = xyz +x (y’+z’) + (x’y) + (x’z) + (xyz)’

DeMorgan’s Law: = xyz +x (y’+z’) + (x’y) + (x’z) +x’+y’+z’

Distributive Law: = xyz +xy’+xz’+ (x’y) + (x’z) + x’+y’+z’

Distributive Law: = xyz +xy’ (z+z’) +xz’ (y+y’) +x’y (z+z’) +x’z (y+y’)

+ x’ (y+y’) (z+z’) +y’ (x+x’) (z+z’) +z’ (x+x’) (y+y’)

Idempotent Law: = xyz + xy’z + xy’z’ + xz’y + xy’z’ + x’yz + x’yz’

+ x’yz + x’y’z + x’yz + x’yz’ + x’y’z + x’y’z’ + xy’z

+ xy’z’ + x’yz + x’y’z + xyz’ + xy’z’+ x’yz’ + x’y’z’

After removing Idempotent elements:

= xyz + xy’z + xy’z’ + xyz’ + x’yz + x’yz’ + x’y’z + x’y’z’

Note: x=1, y=1, z=1, x’=0, y’=0, z’=0

Therefore:

= xyz + xy’z + xy’z’ + xyz’ + x’yz + x’yz’ + x’y’z + x’y’z’

111 10 1 10 0 110 0 11 0 10 0 0 1 0 0 0

x	y	z	xyz + x(yz)’ + x’(y + z) + (xyz)’
0	0	0	1
0	0	1	1
0	1	0	1
0	1	1	1
1	0	0	1
1	0	1	1
1	1	0	1
1	1	1	1

b) (x + y’) (x’ + z’) (y’ + z’)

Solution Using Truth Table

x	y	z	x’	y’	z’	(x + y’)	(x’ + z’)	(y’ + z’)	Product = (x + y’) (x’ + z’) (y’ + z’)
0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1
0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	0
0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0
1	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1
1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0
1	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1
1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0

Answer Exercise 9 on page 190

Is the fallowing true or false? Prove your answer.

(x XOR y)’ = xy + (x + y)’

Note:

When adding:

0+0=0

0+1=1

1+0=1

1+1=1

When Multiplying:

0*0=0

0*1=0

1*0=0

1*1=1

Drawing truth table for x XOR y

x	y	(x XOR y)	(x XOR y)’
0	0	0	1
0	1	1	0
1	0	1	0
1	1	0	1

Drawing truth table for xy + (x + y)’

x	y	xy	(x + y)	(x + y)’	xy + (x + y)’
0	0	0	0	1	1
0	1	0	1	0	0
1	0	0	1	0	0
1	1	1	1	0	1

Therefore: (x XOR y)’ = xy + (x + y)’ since the truth table for both produces same results

Answer Exercises 10 a and b on page 190.

Show that x = xy + xy’

a) using truth tables

x	y	y’	xy	xy’	xy + xy’
0	0	1	0	0	0
0	1	0	0	0	0
1	0	1	0	1	1
1	1	0	1	0	1

Since x = 0,0,1,1 and xy + xy’= 0,0,1,1 it is true that x = xy + xy’

b) Using Boolean identities

Given: x = xy + xy’

Distributive Law: x = x (y + y’)

Inverse: x = x (1)

Therefore: x=x

Answer Exercise 12 part a on page 190.  (Note: Not part b.)

Show that xz = (x + y) (x + y’) (x’ + z)

a) Using truth tables

x	y	z	x’	y’	xz	(x + y)	(x + y’)	(x’ + z)	(x + y)(x + y’)(x’ + z)
0	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	0
0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0
0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	0
0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	0
1	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	0	0
1	0	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1
1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0
1	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	1

xz = (x + y)(x + y’)(x’ + z) as seen from same result for xz and (x + y)(x + y’)(x’ + z) columns.

b) Using Boolean identities

xz = (x + y)(x + y’)(x’ + z) :Given

xz = x(y+y’) (x’+z) : Distributive Law (x + y)(x + y’) = x(y+y’)

xz = x(1) (x’+z) : Inverse Law (y+y’) = 1

xz = x(x’+z) : Identity Law (x*1)=x

xz= xx’ + xz : Distributive Law (x(x’+z) = xx’+xz

xz= 0 + xz : Inverse Law xx’ = 0

xz = xz :Therefore xz = (x + y)(x + y’)(x’ + z)

Answer exercise 13 on page 190.

Use any method to prove the fallowing either true or false.

xz + x’y’ + y’z’ = xz + y’

Solution using Truth Table

x	y	z	x’	y’	z’	xz	x’y’	y’z’	xz + x’y’ + y’z’	xz + y’
0	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1
0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	1
0	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	1
1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	1
1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1

Therefore: xz + x’y’ + y’z’ = xz + y’ is True since both columns have the same values

Answer Ex 23 on page 191

The truth table for a Boolean expression is shown below. Write the Boolean expression in sum of products form. (table is depicted below)

x	y	z	F
0	0	0	1
0	0	1	1
0	1	0	1
0	1	1	0
1	0	0	1
1	0	1	1
1	1	0	0
1	1	1	0

SOLUTION

x	y	z	X’	Y’	Z’	F	Products
0	0	0	1	1	1	1	(X’y’z’)
0	0	1	1	1	0	1	(X’y’z)
0	1	0	1	0	1	1	(x’yz’)
0	1	1	1	0	0	0
1	0	0	0	1	1	1	(xy’z’)
1	0	1	0	1	0	1	(xy’z)
1	1	0	0	0	1	0
1	1	1	0	0	0	0

F = (X’y’z’) + (X’y’z) + (x’yz’) + (xy’z’) + (xy’z)

Look at Exercise 24 on page 191.

Answer it and show the Truth Table for the one you selected.

Which of the fallowing Boolean expressions is not logically equivalent to all the rest?

a) wx’ + xy’ + xz

b) w + x’ + y’ + z

c) w(x’ + y’ + z)

d) wx’yz’ + wx’y’ + xy’y’ + wz

Given the Truth Table for     (xz) + y'     [from Ex 13 page 190],

state its Sum of Products expression

then draw the Logic Circuit for that Sum of Products.

xz + x’y’ + y’z’ = xz + y’

Answer Exercise 38 on page 193

        SHOW YOUR INTERMEDIATE COLUMNS that lead you to the final column solution.          You should have a column for the output of each Logic Gate.

Solution

F= ((x+y’)(y’z’+yz)(y’+z’)+(z))’

Answer Exercise 37 on page 192

        For guidance, look at Exercise 36 and its solution on page 837.

        SHOW YOUR INTERMEDIATE COLUMNS that lead you to the final column solution.         You should have a column for the output of each Logic Gate.

Solution

F= (((xy)+((xy+y’z’)’))’(x’+x)