Which Threat Modeling Tool is Right for You?

Microsoft TMT vs. ThreatModelerTM

by Reef Dsouza, Security Consultant at Amazon Web Services

Ubiquitous cyber attackers pose constant challenges to even the most robust security fortifications. They add a plethora of new threats daily to the cyber-ecosystem. Cybersecurity can no longer be just another cost of doing business. Senior executives are increasingly considering InfoSec and OpSec as strategic business components. This is giving rise to significant increases in security budgets. Market analysts expect the cyber security market value to top $201.36 billion by 2021.i To date, though, no matter how much organizations beef up their security defenses and big-data analytics capacity, it does not seem to make a difference. Malicious actors find a way through the defenses and go undetected by the analytics. Furthermore, attacks which at one time were considered complex, requiring the resources and commitment of large-scale organized crime or nation-states, are now possible with freely available, automated exploit tools. As long as organizations take a defensive posture with their IT security, they relinquish the initiative to attackers.

The most effective way for organizations to regain the initiative and become proactive, rather than reactive, with their IT security is to engage in threat modeling. Military strategists have used the concept of threat modeling for millennia. It is a means of analyzing one’s security, assets, and capabilities from the attacker’s perspective – allowing for the identification and prioritization of potential threats. Limited resources can then be applied to the most critical threats first, significantly enhancing the security posture without increasing the required resources.

Threat modeling came into the InfoSec mainstream in the early 2000s.ii The goal was to build security into applications at the design stage. Compared to the cost of remediating vulnerabilities discovered during scanning and pen-testing, initial secure coding is about 15x less expensive.iii Moreover, threat modeling reduces enterprise-wide exposure to application risk by identifying and recommending mitigating security controls for potential threats that vulnerability scanning and pen-testing miss.

Threat Modeling Tools In response to the growing popularity of threat modeling, Microsoft developed a free tool, Microsoft SDL – first released in 2008 – to aid in the development of threat models. This tool was later replaced by Microsoft Threat Modeling Tool (TMT), which has an updated 2016 version. Microsoft’s public domain tools were the only threat modeling tools widely available until ThreatModelerTM was first released in 2011.

The Microsoft tools are based on Microsoft’s threat modeling methodology (sometimes referred to as the STRIDE methodology) – which is focused on promoting secure initial coding in

Microsoft’s development environment for the Windows platform.iv This methodology also requires users to build threat models using data flow diagramsv – a throwback to the 1970s-era system engineering abstraction of how data is moved, stored, and manipulated by a single application. As a result, the Microsoft tools have limited functionality as an enterprise-level threat modeling tool.

ThreatModelerTM, on the other hand, is based on the Visual, Agile, and Simple Threat modeling methodology (VAST).vi This methodology was specifically designed to support DevOps teams working within Agile methodologies and to allow an organization to scale its threat modeling practice across hundreds or even thousands of threat models without a significant increase in required resources. Creating an application threat model in ThreatModelerTM begins with the creation of a visual representation of the application using a process flow diagram.vii Process flow diagrams represent applications in the same way application architects and developers whiteboard an application during the design phase This allows developers or other stakeholders without specific security expertise can create, update, and interpret the visual decompositions of the applications for which they are creating threat models.

Furthermore, well beyond the capabilities of TMT, ThreatModelerTM also supports creation of operational threat models.viii Operational threat models allow the operations teams to create an end-to-end threat model of the organizations entire IT infrastructure system.

Moreover, with ThreatModelerTM, individual threat models can be chained together, or nested one within another.ix This allows organizations to identify and contextually prioritize the mitigating strategies for potential threats inherent to application interactions, shared infrastructure components, and 3rd party elements.

Features Comparison Recently, members of the security community have requested a comparison between ThreatModelerTM and Microsoft’s TMT. In response, and in collaboration with independent sources, I created the following matrix to provide a head-to-head comparison:

Conclusion Even though ThreatModelerTM requires an initial investment and an ongoing subscription, it provides

organizations with far more features and capabilities than Microsoft’s Threat Modeler Too. These

additional features and capabilities innately enhance the organization’s threat modeling capacity and

provide the outputs organizations need to understand their real-time risk profile, the most important

threats faced by the organization, and the organization’s comprehensive attack surface.

Using the “free” Microsoft TMT will cost organizations significantly more in terms of ongoing labor,

missed opportunities, and lack of necessary information to reduce risk organization-wide.

i “Cyber Security Market worth 202.36 Billion USD by 2021.” MarketsandMarkets.com. 2016

http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/PressReleases/cyber-security.asp . ii “Threat Modeling 101.” ThreatModeler.com. 2016. http://threatmodeler.com/threat-modeling-101/ iii Tassey, Gregory. “The Economic Impacts of Inadequate Infrastructure for Software Testing.” RTI Health, Social,

and Economics Research. National Institute of Standards and Technology: Gaithersburg, MD. May, 2002. https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/documents/director/planning/report02-3.pdf

iv “Threat Model.” Wikipedia.com. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threat_model

v Agarwal, Archie. “Threat Modeling – Data Flow Diagram vs Process Flow Diagram.” ThreatModeler.com. August

18 2016. http://threatmodeler.com/threat-modeling-data-flow-diagram-vs-process-flow-diagram/ vi “Threat Modeling Methodology.” ThreatModeler.com. 2016. http://threatmodeler.com/threat-modeling-

methodology/ vii Agarwal, Archie. “Threat Modeling – Data Flow Diagram vs Process Flow Diagram.” ThreatModeler.com. August

18 2016. http://threatmodeler.com/threat-modeling-data-flow-diagram-vs-process-flow-diagram/ viii Agarwal, Archie. “Application Threat Modeling vs Operational Threat Modeling.” ThreatModeler.com.

September 6, 2016. http://threatmodeler.com/application-threat-modeling-vs-operational-threat-modeling/ ix “Threat Model Chaining.” ThreatModeler.com. 2016. http://threatmodeler.com/threat-model-chaining/

ISOL 536 – Week 11 Lab Assignment

Threat Modeling Drawing

University of the Cumberlands

From Dr. Charles DeSassure

Fall 2019

Greetings Class,

This week, the focus will be to learn about Threat Modeling

Tools. Enterprise C-suite executives face many challenges

presented by the digital age, and few are more significant than

the mitigation of security threats and data breaches. A strong

threat-modeling tool is one that allows key stakeholders to

design, visualize, predict, and plan for external and internal

threats. Identifying and addressing threats can save organizations

ISOL 536 – Week 11 Lab Assignment

Threat Modeling Drawing

University of the Cumberlands

From Dr. Charles DeSassure

Fall 2019

millions of dollars in the end and prevent massive brand corrosion

and operational headaches immediately.

Threat modeling tools have evolved to meet the changing needs of the threat landscape. Threat modeling tools easier for all developers through a standard notation for visualizing system components, data flows, and security boundaries. It also helps threat modelers identify classes of threats they should consider based on the structure of their software design.

ISOL 536 – Week 11 Lab Assignment

Threat Modeling Drawing

University of the Cumberlands

From Dr. Charles DeSassure

Fall 2019

For Week 11, you will complete a lab assignment with the following:

• Use a business profile

• Use Threat Modeling design using correct symbols.

• Use Threat Modeling design using Data Flow symbols.

• Finally, both designs should possess a professional appearance.