http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9Xw1LCKACE
Eckhart Tolle: What is the purpose of mental illness?
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“No drug can mend a broken heart,
fill an empty life, or teach parents
how to love their children.”
Preston, John in: ”Child and Clinical
Psychopharmacology.2006
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PSYCHOTROPICS
- Antianxiety Drugs
- Antidepressants
- Antipsychotics
- Antimanics
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ANXIETY DISORDERS
Panic disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Social anxiety disorder
Specific phobias
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
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Antianxiety Drugs
History:
1830: Chloral Hydrate – induces sleep within 30 minutes (“Mickey Finn”)
1882:Paraldehyde - used to treat DTs
Bromide Salts – used for sleep and anxieties
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Barbiturates
1864 – Adolf von Baeyer synthesized malonic acid and urea – barbituric acid –
3000 compounds have been synthesized and 50 have been marketed
barbiturates have been recommended for 77 different disorders
( Reinisch & Sanders,1982)
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
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Benzodiazepines
Five primary effects:
a) hypnotic
b) anxiolytic
c) anti-seizure
d) muscle relaxant
e) amnestic
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rodrigoedipo.files.wordpress
Long-acting drugs
Valium,
Librium,
Dalmane,
Tranxene
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Intermediate-acting drugs:
Restoril
Ativan
Klonopin
ProSom
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Short-acting Benzodiazepines:
Versed
Xanax
Halcion
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When Santa Barbara County Sheriff's deputies raided Michael Jackson's Neverland Ranch in 2003, drug and drug-related paraphernalia was found in droves.
Below is the list of discovered items:
- A vial of powerful sedative, Versed
- Several IV bags containing "a milky white fluid, located in a small cardboard box on top of the bathtub." Propofol and other anesthesias are milky white.
- A vial of Promethazine, an antihistamine with strong sedative effects
- A bottle of Alprazolam, a generic for Xanax
- A bottle of Percocet, a painkiller
- A syringe
- A vial containing Demerol
- Numerous loose pills outside bottles
- A bottle of Prednisone, a steroid
- Ery-tab, an antibiotic
- Filled prescriptions for Xanax
- Prescription for Alprazolam
- Oxygen tanks
- IV stands
Massive Drug Raid At Neverland Revealed…
http://perezhilton.com/2009-07-10-massive-drug-raid-at-neverland-revealed
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
When benzodiazepine drugs are in the vicinity of GABA receptors, the action of GABA is increased.
Facilitation of GABA produces a greater inhibition and a decreased activity level in the neurons involved.
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NONBENZODIAZEPINE
SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS AND ANTIANXIETY DRUGS
- Zolpidem (Ambien)
Buspirone (BuSpar)
- Beta blockers (Tenormin, Lopressor, Inderal)
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Date Rape drugs
- Rohypnol – flunitrazepam – long acting benzodiazepine – 10 times stronger than Valium
- Known as “roofies”, “R2”, “Mexican Valium”
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Mass overdose of students blamed on date rape drug
“A dozen American students have been hospitalized after having their drinks spiked, possibly with the date-rape drug rohypnol, at a freshers party in Washington state.
Police discovered partygoers in various states of consciousness on Saturday night after they kicked down the door of a house in the small town of Roslyn, near Seattle, after reports of a possible overdose. “
http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/69934,news-comment,news-politics
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Date Rape Drugs continued
- GHB – gamma-hydroxybutyrate
a potent sedative depressant
a body building aid
used for sexual enhancement
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http://www.cesar.umd.edu/cesar/drugs/ghb.asp
| Low doses: Euphoria Decreased inhibitions High Doses: Extensive muscle relaxation Disorientation Sleepiness and lethargy Confusion Loss of coordination and balance Heart rate and respiration lower Impaired learning and memory | Overdose: Headache Nausea and vomiting Hallucinations Seizures Amnesia Respiratory depression Loss of consciousness, coma, and possibly death |
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Party drug GHB is addictive
Published on : 16 May 2010 - 5:30am | By Belinda van Steijn
“A growing number of young Dutch people are signing themselves into a drug clinic to kick their addiction to the party drug GHB (Gamma Hydroxybutyric acid). The drug, which was initially considered to be relatively innocent, has since been found to be extremely addictive.”
http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/party-drug-ghb-addictive
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Antidepressants
- First Generation antidepressants
MAOIs – monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Nardil, Parnate
TCAs – tricyclic antidepressants
Elavil, Tofranil
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Antidepressants continued
Second Generation antidepressants
SSRIs – Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft
SNRIs – Effexor, Edronax
Third generation antidepressant–
Remeron, Serzone
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GENERATIONS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATIONS
First-generation drugs (Thorazine, Prolixin, Haldol, Mellaril, Navane, Stelazine)
Second-generation drugs (Clozaril, Loxitane, Zyprexa, Risperdal, Geodon)
Third-generation drugs (Abilify)
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TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
First-generation antipsychotic drugs are called typical antipsychotics because they can induce movement-control problems (Parkinson’s-like symptoms).
Second-generation and third-generation antipsychotics are called atypical antipsychotics because they do not induce this side effect.
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EVIDENCE FOR THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Parkinson’s-like side effects when treated with first-generation antipsychotics indicate that dopamine levels have changed
Drugs that are most effective in treating schizophrenia are the ones that most effectively block dopamine
Overdose in an anti-Parkinson’s drug produces schizophrenic-like symptoms
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MEDICATIONS FOR MANIA
OR BIPOLAR DISORDER
Lithium carbonate
Valproate (Depakote)
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Ziprasidone (Geodon)
Combination of Zyprexa and Prozac (Symbyax)
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