Allen 1

Annotated Bibliography

Cao. (2021). Research on the Application of Color Language in Computer Graphic

Design. Journal of Physics. Conference Series, 1915(4), 42033–.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1915/4/042033

This journal is relevant to my research question because it contains a study that

explains how color and graphic design makes our understanding of color more profound.

In this study researchers connect certain colors to different symbolic meanings which

also helps them understand the meaning of the color a little better. In the end the

researchers concluded that “the human visual sense is influenced by color, and the

human perception conveys emotion, and different colors will have different feeling

effects”(Cao 2021).

Kim, Yoo, M.-J., Kang, H., & Lee, I.-K. (2014). Perceptually-based Color Assignment.

Computer Graphics Forum, 33(7), 309–318. https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.12499

This journal is relevant to my research question because it contains a study that

created a “method for automatic color assignment based on theories of color

perception”(Kim 2014). In the study researchers used eight different methods/ figures to

collect data on which color palettes were chosen over others. In the ends researchers

were able to generate 56 combinations of color palettes and get them all ranked as

number 1.

Allen 2

Liu, Ren, Z., & Liu, S. (2021). Using Design and Graphic Design with Color Research in

AI Visual Media to Convey. Journal of Sensors, 2021, 1–11.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8153783

This journal is relevant to my research question because it contains a study that

aims to innovate the method of visual media communication design and break through

the traditional color matching and visual communication design. In the study the

researchers designed a model of color matching and image application in visual media.

They then collected the percentage of people using different types of visual design. In

the end I believe researchers came to a satisfactory conclusion, but because the

research wasn’t mature enough they did not get all the results intended.

Murchie, & Diomede, D. (2020). Fundamentals of graphic design—essential tools for

effective visual science communication. Facets (Ottawa), 5(1), 409–422.

https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2018-0049

This journal is relevant to my research question because it contains a study that

illustrates why certain aspects are important to effective communication in graphic

design including specific tools being used. In this journal researchers explain why certain

design choices are made when using graphic design with the intent to help people

improve their visual communication skills. Researchers found this study to be a success

and encourage a relationship between graphic designers and scientists.

Shaohua L.(2021). Computer Multimedia Technology in the Visual Psychology

Experimental Teaching of Designing Color. Journal of Physics.1881(4), 42048–.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1881/4/042048

Allen 3

This journal is relevant to my research question because it contains a study that

explores the advantages of computer multimedia technology in visual when teaching the

designing of color. Researchers interview 87teachers from 10 universities asking them

all the same questions regarding the psychology experiment teaching designing color.

Researchers concluded that “CMT can improve the teaching efficacy and enhance the

expression and reconstruction ability of color of students”, (Shaohua 2021).

Szafir. (2018). Modeling Color Difference for Visualization Design. IEEE Transactions on

Visualization and Computer Graphics, 24(1), 392–401.

https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2017.2744359

This journal is relevant to my research question because it contains a study that

developed quantitative metrics that helps people choose and use colors in visualizations

and editing more effectively. In this study researchers measured color difference

perception using points,bars, and lines. They also used mark sizes to help track work

and helped them compare their results with other scientists working in color. In the end

researchers concluded, “that elongated marks, as commonly used in visualizations,

significantly increase discriminability over fixed-thickness models”(Szafir,2018).

Wang, Giesen, J., McDonnell, K. T., Zolliker, P., & Mueller, K. (2008). Color Design for

Illustrative Visualization. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 14(6),

1739–1754. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2008.118

This journal is relevant to my research question because it contains a study that

aims to aid users in the selection of colors when it comes to making important functions,

personal preferences, etc. In the study the researchers used the color wheel as their

source. Users would pick colors from the wheel, adjust the hue, and the system would

generate different colors based upon the selection that would be appealing. In the end

Allen 4

the researchers successfully designed a system that could help researchers achieve

more task-effective and aesthetic color designs with ease.

Writing Strategies and Ethical Considerations

Chapter 4

Introduction

• Have an idea of the general structure of topics

• Structure depends on the design

• Be aware of good writing practices

• Anticipate ethical issues prior to the study

3 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Writing the Proposal

Arguments presented in a proposal:

• Consider early on in planning the study

– The major points that need to be addressed

– How they will convey a cohesive picture of the study

– What the core arguments to advance are

4 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Arguments presented in a proposal:

• What do readers need to better understand the topic?

• What do readers need to know about the topic?

• What do you propose to study?

• What is the setting, and who are the people you will study?

• What methods do you plan to use to collect data?

5 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Writing the Proposal

Arguments presented in a proposal:

• How will you analyze the data?

• How will you validate the findings?

• What ethical issues will your study present?

• What do preliminary results show about the practicability and value of the proposed study?

6 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Writing the Proposal

7 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Writing the Proposal

8 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Writing the Proposal

Format for a quantitative proposal:

• Follow the format of a journal article

– Introduction

– A literature review

– Methods

– Results

– Discussion

9 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Writing the Proposal

10 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Writing the Proposal

Format for a mixed methods proposal:

• Purpose statement/research question for quantitative and qualitative components

• Include mixed methods

– Rationale

– Design elements

– Visual diagram of procedures

11 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Writing the Proposal

12 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Writing the Proposal

13 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Writing the Proposal

Designing the sections of a proposal:

• Specify the sections early in the design of a proposal

• Examine proposals that other students have authored under your advisor

• Look for a course on proposal development

• Review formats with your adviser

14 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Writing the Proposal

Writing Ideas

• Read fiction and nonfiction widely

• Read good literature

• Always think about how the ideas writers share in their works might be applied in writing good research

15 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Writing as thinking:

• Write ideas down early in the process rather than talking about them

• Work through several drafts of a proposal rather than trying to polish the first draft

• Do not edit at the early draft stage

– Start with an outline

– Write a draft and shift and sort ideas

– Finally, edit and polish each sentence

16 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Writing Ideas

The habit of writing:

• Make writing a daily activity

• Keep a daily chart of activities if you do not feel you have time to write

• Write when fresh

• Avoid binges

• Write in small, regular amounts

17 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Writing Ideas

The habit of writing:

• Schedule writing tasks

• Keep daily charts: time spent, page equivalents, percent complete

• Plan beyond daily goals

• Share your writing with supportive, constructive peers before going public

• Try to work on two or three writing projects concurrently so that you do not become overloaded with any one

18 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Writing Ideas

The habit of writing:

• Exercises to improve writing

– Describe an object by its parts and dimensions

– Write a conversation between two people

– Write a set of directions for a complicated task

– Take a subject and write about it three different ways

– Choose a physical location for writing that is not a distraction

19 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Writing Ideas

Readability of the manuscript:

• Use consistent terms throughout the proposal

• Consider how different type of narrative thought guide the reader:

– Umbrella thoughts – general or core ideas

– Big thoughts in writing – specific ideas

– Little thoughts – reinforcing big thoughts

– Attention or interest thoughts – keep the reader on track, organize ideas

• Coherence in writing – ideas tie and logically flow

20 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Writing Ideas

21 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Writing Ideas

Voice, tense, and “fat”:

• Eliminate unnecessary words

• Delete the passive voice

• Scale down qualifiers, eliminate overused phrases

• Reduce excessive quotations, italics, and parenthetical comments

22 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Writing Ideas

Voice, tense, and “fat”:

• Use active voice

– “If the subject acts, the voice is active. If the subject is acted on, the voice is passive” (Ross-Larson, 1982, p. 29)

• Use strong active verbs

• Pay close attention to the tense of your verbs

• Edit and revise drafts of a manuscript to trim fat

• Write, review, edit

23 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Writing Ideas

Ethical Issues to Anticipate

• Research involves collecting data from people

• Researchers need to

– Protect research participants

– Develop trust with research participants

– Promote the integrity of research

– Guard against misconduct

– Cope with new problems that emerge

24 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

25 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Ethical Issues to Anticipate

26 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Ethical Issues to Anticipate

27 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Ethical Issues to Anticipate

28 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Ethical Issues to Anticipate

Prior to beginning the study:

• Consider codes of ethics

• Apply to the institutional review board

• Obtain the necessary permissions to gain access to the site and to study participants

• Select a site without vested interests

• Negotiate authorship for publication

29 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Ethical Issues to Anticipate

Beginning the study:

• In the research problem:

– Identify a problem that will benefit individuals being studied

• In the purpose and questions:

– Convey the purpose and sponsors of the research to participants

• Do not pressure participants into signing consent forms, obtain informed consent from participants

• Respect norms and charters of indigenous cultures

30 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Ethical Issues to Anticipate

Collecting the data:

• Respect the site, and disrupt as little as possible

• Make sure all participants receive the benefits

• Avoid deceiving participants

• Respect potential power imbalances, consider reciprocity

• Avoid exploitation of participants

• Avoid collecting harmful information

31 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Ethical Issues to Anticipate

Analyzing the data:

• Avoid going native – taking sides or disregarding data

• Avoid disclosing only positive results – reflect the statistical tests and diversity of perspectives

32 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Ethical Issues to Anticipate

Analyzing the data:

• Respect the privacy of participants:

– Protect anonymity of participants

– Remove names from responses

– Qualitative researchers use aliases and pseudonyms

33 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Ethical Issues to Anticipate

Reporting, sharing, and storing data:

• Do not falsify authorship, evidence, data, findings or conclusions

• Do not plagiarize

• Avoid disclosing information that would harm participants

• Communicate in clear straightforward, appropriate language

34 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Ethical Issues to Anticipate

Reporting, sharing, and storing data:

• Share data with others (e.g. stakeholders, participants)

• Keep raw data and other materials for a reasonable period of time

• Do not duplicate or piecemeal publications

• Complete proof of compliance with ethical issues and lack of conflict of interest

• Understand who owns the data

35 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018

Ethical Issues to Anticipate

Summary

• How to write a proposal

• Use one of the outlines for a qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods proposal

• Importance of putting words on paper

• Consider anticipated ethical issues and describe

36 Creswell, Research Design 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018