Grammar Assignment #2 (Part 2)
ESL 202
Rewrite the following sentences below the original using the clause connectors listed below so that the same idea is expressed in a different way. Upload the completed document (original sentences + your rewritten sentences) to the designated drop box in Week #10. Make only necessary changes in grammar, pronouns, vocabulary, and punctuation. The order of the sentences may have to be reversed in some cases. Keep the same meaning. Use each adverbial only once. Choose from the following:
whenever meanwhile whereas/while although therefore so…that so much…that if since
a. Most children in North America haven’t grown up in an extended family, so they may need to learn to respect the elderly.
b. Most parents encourage their children to take part in sports, but some parents push their children too much.
c. Some species of animals seem to prefer social living environments. In contrast, other species prefer solitary living environments.
d. Homeschoolers can often finish their daily studies more quickly, and they can direct their interests of study.
e. At times families may suffer economic hardships. It is not uncommon in these cases for them to form extended families.
f. Many elite child athletes study in special programs to allow them to keep up with their education.
g. Unless a person finds a good job, he or she must often move away from the nuclear family they grew up in.
h. The student had a lot of trouble with bullying at school, so his parents decide to homeschool him.
i. Urbanization increased dramatically; from that time until today, the number of people living in extended families has decreased.
HOW TO USE A DICHOTOMOUS KEY
Dichotomous means “divided or cut into two parts.” A dichotomous key is a tool used by scientists to classify organisms into classification categories or taxa. The key is made up of a series of numbered couplets, and within each couplet are two opposing statements which you read, choosing the one that best fits the animal picture. To use the key, you always start at the first couplet (look for a '1' in the first column). Read the two couplet choices (labeled 'a' and 'b' in the second column), and consider them carefully. If you do not know the meaning of a word, as some of these terms are technical, look them up in a reference, a dictionary, or your textbook glossary, perhaps. Look at your animal. Choose the statement (a or b) that best fits your animal. All parts of the statement must be true. If you select a statement and arrive at a Class with some name after it, you have found the classification (Class) to which your organism belongs, and you have finished identifying the animal!
If the selected statement has a number at the end, go to that couplet number (skip all the others) and read the couplet choices (a and b statements) that you find there. Again, you would choose the couplet choice that best describes characteristics of your animal. If your choice is a number, go to that couplet number and continue using the key. Continue choosing from the indicated couplets until you come to the couplet choice that provides you with the classification name of your organism. Here's an example: Blue Land Crab
Always start at Couplet Number 1:
1 a. Symmetry is irregular (neither bilateral or radial);
aquatic; body structure without tissues or organs Class Demospongiae
b. Symmetry is radial or bilateral 2
The crab has bilateral symmetry, so choose statement b and go to Couplet 2.
Couplet Number 2:
2 a. Radial symmetry, lacks a well defined head 3
b. Bilateral symmetry (similar right and left body
halves, anterior head end and posterior tail end) 6
Choice b describes a crab with bilateral symmetry, right and left body halves, so go to Category 6. Completely skip Couplets 3, 4 and 5 since these will not apply to the crab. Couplet Number 6
6 a. Animal has no apparent skeleton, or may have an
exoskeleton (hard outer covering), or may have a
shell; invertebrate
7
b. Animal has internal skeleton; vertebrate 16
The crab has an exoskeleton or shell. If you are not sure about a characteristic of the organism, you could use www.google.com to help you determine if a statement is true or false. For example, you could look up the key words 'crab' and 'skeleton'. You will find sites that describe the crab's exoskeleton. You will select choice 6a and go to Couplet 7. Couplet Number 7
7 a. No hard outer covering, no exoskeleton, or no shell;
worm-like 8
b. Hard outer covering, exoskeleton, or shell; not
worm-like 11
A crab's shell is hard, and a crab is not worm-like. Go to Couplet 11. Couplet Number 11
11 a. No jointed appendages 12
b. Jointed appendages 14
The crab’s legs are jointed and you would choose b. Go to Couplet 14. Couplet Number 14
14 a. Two pairs of antennae, large claws often present Class Crustacea
b. One pair of antennae or none, no large claws 15
The crab has antennae and large claws; so you will select a, Class Crustacea. You will write Class Crustacea on the Classification Column for your table. On your Unit 5 IP, in the column labeled “Dichotomous Key (steps)” you will fill in the list of your choices. In the column “Classification” fill in the class you have found. Your results will look like this:
Organism Phyla Dichotomous Key (steps) Classification
1
Crab
Arthropoda 1b, 2b, 6a, 7b, 11b, 14a Class Crustacea
By writing in your couplet choices, you demonstrate that you used the key, and you may
earn partial credit, even if you ended up at the wrong answer. Use this method to identify
the Classes for each of the 9 nine animals on your table. Have fun!
Unit 5 Individual Project
Part 1. There are 9 animals in nine different Phyla. Be sure to look at every page.
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Animal |
Phylum |
Dichotomous Key (steps) |
Classification |
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3 |
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4 |
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5 |
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6 |
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8 |
Image Rights: Allen G. Collins and the UC Museum of Paleontology
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9 |
Image Rights: Courtesy of University of Minnesota
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Part 2: Answer the following questions as they relate to the nine phyla in the assignment table. (Porifera, Cnidaria, Nematoda, Athropoda, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and Chordata.)
1. Which phyla lack organs? What type of symmetry do they have?
2. List all of the phyla that show cephalization.
3. Do all organisms on the table have 3 germ layers (endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm)? If not, which phyla have fewer than three germ layers?
4. One phylum on the table has more species than all the others. State the name of this phylum, and provide several different examples of species found in this phylum.
5. Fish do not all have the same skeletal structure. Describe the differences among fish from the most primitive to more advanced types of fish.
6. Describe the three types of mammals based on how their young develop.
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